Fast DCT algorithm with fewer multiplication stages

A novel fast DCT scheme with reduced multiplication stages and fewer additions and multiplications is proposed. The proposed algorithm is structured so that most multiplications tend to be performed at the final stage, which reduces the propagation error that could occur in the fixed-point computation. Minimisation of the multiplication stages can further decrease the error     

Virtual circuit connection method for RSVP multicasting supportingheterogeneous receivers on the ATM network

The authors suggest a novel virtual circuit connection method based on the reverse traversing technique to minimise the waste of network bandwidth resources, when the Internet protocol multicast is interoperated using the resource reservation protocol over an asynchronous transfer mode network. Simulation results show that, as the number of receivers increases, the bandwidth requirements on all links of the network of the proposed scheme become more advantageous than those of other conventional methods     

An ARQ scheme using combined QPSK and BPSK transmissions

We propose a hybrid ARQ scheme which uses QPSK modulation for the first transmission and BPSK modulation for retransmissions. The throughput performance of the proposed ARQ scheme is better that those of ARQ schemes purely using QPSK modulation or purely using BPSK modulation for transmissions. Furthermore, the proposed scheme does not require any operation of error correction as usually required in hybrid ARQ schemes. Therefore, the ARQ scheme proposed in this paper can be easily implemented     

Directly Compressible Acetaminophen Compositions Prepared by Fluidized-Bed Granulation

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in aqueous solution was used as a binding agent in a fluidized-bed system to agglomerate acetaminophen powder into directly compressible granules. It was found that a minimal amount of 5% w/w PVP in a concentration of 7.5% w/v or less was needed to produce granules with an acceptable flow and the corresponding tablets having enough hardness without capping. There was a strong correlation between the time for 80% dissolved (T₈₀) and the logarithm of granule volume-surface mean diameter. A directly compressible acetaminophen composition to manufacture tablets having a T₈₀ value less than 30 min can be prepared simply by adding an appropriate amount of disintegrant (crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, or pregelatinized starch) to the agglomerated granules.     

ERCP and CT findings of ectopic drainage of the common bile duct into the duodenal bulb

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate ERCP and CT findings of ectopic drainage of the common bile duct into the duodenal bulb. CONCLUSION: Although rare, the diagnosis of ectopic drainage of the common bile duct into the duodenal bulb is important to prevent inadvertent damage during biliary tract or gastric surgery and to clarify the cause of chronic peptic ulcers.     

1.04 GBd low EMI digital video interface system using small swingserial link technique

In a high-resolution flat panel system, a conventional interface that directly connects a liquid crystal display (LCD) controller to a flat panel cannot overcome the problems of excess EMI (electromagnetic interference) and power caused by full-swing transmission signals in parallel lines. This paper presents a high-speed digital video interface system implemented with a low-cost standard CMOS (complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor) technology that can mitigate EMI and power problems in high-resolution flat panel display systems. The combined architecture of the high-speed, small number of parallel lines and low-voltage swing serial interface can support resolutions from VGA (640×480 pixels) up to XGA (1024×768 pixels) with significant power improvement and drastic EMI reduction. To support high-speed, low-voltage swing signaling and overcome channel-to-channel skew problems, a robust data recovery system is required. The proposed digital phase-locked loop enables robust skew-insensitive data recovery of up to 1.04 GBd     

RNA movement between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

The past year has seen significant advances in our understanding of the mechanism of RNA movement between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The emerging view is that proteins bind to and escort RNAs to their proper subcellular location. The discovery of peptide signals that target nuclear export and the identification of novel protein mediators of RNA export are examples of significant recent discoveries.     

Adaptive weighted outer-product learning associative memory

Associative-memory neural networks with adaptive weighted outer-product learning are proposed in this paper. For the correct recall of a fundamental memory (FM), a corresponding learning weight is attached and a parameter called signal-to-noise-ratio-gain (SNRG) is devised. The sufficient conditions for the learning weights and the SNRG's are derived. It is found both empirically and theoretically that the SNRG's have their own threshold values for correct recalls of the corresponding FM's. Based on the gradient-descent approach, several algorithms are constructed to adaptively find the optimal learning weights with reference to global- or local-error measure.     

An in vitro model of traumatic neuronal injury: loading rate-dependent changes in acute cytosolic calcium and lactate dehydrogenase release

We developed a new in vitro model of neuronal injury using NT2-N cells to examine the effects of hydrodynamic loading rate on intraneuronal calcium dynamics and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Our apparatus consisted of a parallel disk viscometer which induced fluid shear stress with well-defined magnitudes and loading rates to cultured cells. We found that the deformation response of the cells was dependent on the severity of the insult, with increased cellular strains generated for higher shear stresses at a constant loading rate. Peak intracellular free calcium concentration correlated with strain, suggesting that mechanical deformation may regulate calcium response. Slowly applied fluid shear stress elicited no response, whereas high loading rates resulted in peak calcium increases 2.9 to 3.6 times baseline values as injury severity was increased. LDH release measured within 5 min after the insult correlated with loading rate. In addition, LDH release continued to increase out to 24 h following high loading rate conditions, demonstrating that the application of fluid shear stress led to prolonged cell damage. The acute response in NT2-N cells subjected to an insult with the CSID is dependent on the loading rate, and these results suggest that initial membrane deformation may trigger subsequent events.