氟硅密封剂热老化性能研究

以不同三氟丙基含量的端羟基液体氟硅橡胶作为生胶,采用共混法制备氟硅密封剂。以拉伸强度和断裂伸长率为衡量指标,采用单因素试验法探讨了三氟丙基含量、硫化剂和耐热助剂类型等对氟硅密封剂耐热老化性能的影响。结果表明,三氟丙基含量越高,氟硅密封剂的耐热老化性能越差;硫化剂类型对氟硅密封剂的耐热老化性能影响不大;耐热助剂类型对氟硅密封剂的常温力学性能影响不大,但三氧化二铁(Fe2O3)和氧化铈(CeO2)均能明显提高氟硅密封剂的耐热性能。     

磨削速度对碳化硅陶瓷磨削损伤影响机制研究

碳化硅陶瓷高速磨削过程中,磨粒对工件材料强力冲击,应变率剧增、复杂显微结构对应力波传送响应转变,材料力学行为发生变化,目前高速磨削对材料去除机制影响的物理本质认识还不清楚。为此,开展磨削速度对SiC陶瓷磨削裂纹损伤影响机制研究。通过单颗磨粒磨削SiC陶瓷试验,分析了磨削速度对SiC陶瓷磨削表面形貌、磨削亚表面裂纹损伤深度、磨削力和磨削比能的影响规律。试验结果表明,当SiC陶瓷材料以脆性方式去除时,磨削速度对裂纹损伤影响最为显著,随着磨削速度从20 m/s增加到160 m/s,磨削亚表面裂纹损伤深度从12.1μm快速降低到6μm。采用Voronoi法建立了金刚石磨削多晶SiC陶瓷有限元仿真模型,当磨粒切厚为0.3μm,磨削亚表面损伤以微裂纹为主;当磨粒切厚为1μm时,随着磨削速度增加,磨削亚表面裂纹损伤深度从14.7μm降低到4.6μm,磨削亚表面宏观沿晶裂纹逐渐变为微观裂纹。基于位错理论和冲击动力学理论,揭示了高速磨削过程中位错密度的增加和晶界反射应力波对应力场削弱作用是高速磨削SiC陶瓷裂纹损伤“趋肤效应”产生的机理。     

简化Bishop法严格性的论证

尽管简化Bishop法忽略了条间剪力,且不严格满足平衡条件,但其计算圆弧滑面的安全系数与其他严格条分法安全系数十分接近,这是边坡理论中长期未解之谜。研究结果表明,尽管简化Bishop法公式中没有出现条间剪力,但不意味着条间剪力实际为0,而是其某种组合式为0。因而可找出一组条间剪力分布,既使滑体整体满足所有平衡条件,又使这种条间剪力组合式为0。因此,简化Bishop法实质上已自行满足严格平衡条件,因而它也可称为“严格条分法”。     

波浪循环荷载作用下盾构穿越海堤过程中下卧软土的弱化响应研究#br#

 During the sub-sea tunnelling through a seawall, the soil adjacent to the tunnel may simultaneously bear tunneling-induced stress relief and wave-induced cyclic shearing. To investigate the coupling effects of stress relief and repeated loading on the mechanical behaviors of soft clay, a series of experiments were carried out using a hollow cylinder apparatus, which imposed undrained cyclic shearing to the soil samples under a reducing confining stress, followed by undrained shearing. The cyclic stresses simulated in the tests were estimated using elastic solution for a seabed subjected to the wave loadings. The test results show that the variation of each stress component under the coupled loading follows a sine or cosine relationship. The coupled loading plays a more significant role in affecting the radial strain (εr) and hoop strain (εθ) than the vertical strain (εr) and the torsional shear strain (εzθ) of the soft clay. The shear modulus of the soil experiences more degradation under the coupled loading than that under the single action of cyclic shearing. The pore pressure of the soil reduces under the disturbance of shield construction and begins to increase slowly under the wave loading after construction. At a given cyclic magnitude, the reduction of soil strength significantly depends on the magnitude of stress relief. A larger stress relief leads to a more reduction in the post-cyclic shear strength of the soil. Based on the experimental findings presented above, it is suggested that coupling effect between the cyclic shearing and the stress relief should be taken into account while designing sub-sea tunneling through a seawall.     

地铁分岔隧道施工性态的三维数值模拟与分析

深圳地铁大一科区间预留2^#接口线隧道是一个结构极为复杂的洞群系统工程。由于地质条件差，且周围环境条件限制严格，施工难度和风险极大，因此，对该工程进行了施工优化分析，建立了复杂的三维弹塑性有限元计算模型，并对该工程的施工过程进行了三维动态仿真分析，从理论上探讨了所拟定的施工方案的合理性和可行性，并取得了一些有意义的成果，为该工程的顺利施工提供了依据和指导。工程实践表明，理论分析结果是合理可靠的。     

云冈石窟立柱岩体长期强度研究

 基于分级加载单轴抗压蠕变试验,研究世界文化遗产云冈石窟9,10,12窟窟前立柱岩体的长期强度,并对其长期承载力学性能进行评价。研究结果表明：(1) 云冈石窟9,10,12窟窟前立柱岩体的岩性主要为砂岩,岩性单一,结构面不发育,属整体块状岩体结构类型,工程地质条件良好。(2) 立柱岩体中粗粒砂岩的长期强度低于中粒、中细粒砂岩的长期强度。其根本原因在于,中粗粒砂岩的胶结物类型是泥质胶结;其中含有微量的蒙脱石,在长期的风化过程中,与水作用后,易发生淋滤作用和溶蚀作用,次生裂隙相对较发育。(3) 高含水量状态下,中粗粒砂岩的长期强度为20.22 MPa,比其在低含水量状态下的长期强度降低44.31%。按云冈石窟立柱应力最大值出现在10窟西柱的上部(1.31 MPa)计,中粗粒砂岩立柱岩体的安全系数为15.4。因此,9,10,12窟窟前立柱岩体的长期承载力学性能良好。建议尽快修复和搭建窟檐,避免雨水对石窟的冲刷,同时还能调节窟内温度与湿度,减轻风化剥蚀。计算9,10,12窟窟前立柱最大可以承载的窟檐质量,供有关建筑设计和文物保护部门参考。这些研究结果和建议对于云冈石窟的保护具有一定的指导意义。     

Preparation and characterization of magnesium coating deposited by cold spraying

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have a great potential as structural materials due to their beneficial combination of high strength to weight ratio, high thermal conductivity and good machinability. However, few works about Mg coatings fabricated by cold spraying can be found in the literature. Thus, Mg coatings prepared at different main gas temperatures by cold spraying were investigated as well as their microstructure, phase structure, oxygen content and microhardness. The critical velocity of the particle was evaluated through numerical simulations. The particle deformation behavior and bonding mechanism were discussed. The result of the oxygen content measurement shows that the oxygen contents of coatings did not increase compared with that of the feedstock powder. The simulation results show that the critical velocity of Mg particles was in the range from 653 m/s to 677 m/s. The observation of the coating fracture morphology shows that the formation of the coating was due to the intensive plastic deformation and mechanical interlocking. The microhardness of the coating increased with the increase of the main gas temperature from 350 °C to 450 °C due to the decrease of the coating porosity.     

采用2D-XRD研究TFA-MOD法制备的Nb5+掺杂YBCO薄膜的形核

通过在YBCO前驱液中掺入Nb5+,在制备的YBCO中发现生成了BYNO纳米颗粒,且BYNO存在着外延和随机2种取向。通过2D-XRD对YBCO/BYNO复合薄膜的形核进行了研究,发现复合薄膜在低温分解时其成分和纯YBCO一致,而在750℃到775℃之间时BYNO开始形核,并且它以外延和随机取向共存。而YBCO的形核则发生在820℃及其保温过程中,且YBCO呈现完全的(00l)取向,BYNO的存在并不会对YBCO的取向造成影响。此外还对形核过程的方程式进行了分析。     

十八硫醇自组装膜对青铜-银电偶腐蚀的抑制作用

采用十八硫醇(ODT)的乙醇溶液在青铜和Ag表面制备了自组装膜(SAMs)。通过测量青铜-银的电偶电流和室内加速变色实验,研究了自组装前后的电偶腐蚀性能。采用XPS,Tafel极化曲线法和微分电容法初步研究了ODT SAMs的作用机理。结果表明:ODT分子通过S与基体形成硫醇盐,吸附在青铜和Ag表面形成自组装膜,该自组装膜在3.5%NaCl溶液和含S大气中,能够有效抑制青铜和Ag之间的电偶腐蚀,属于混和型缓蚀剂。     

热压烧结制备Cu/FeCoCr复合材料的显微组织及热物理性能

利用相图计算的CALPHAD方法和超音雾化制粉技术,在CuFeCoCr体系中设计并制备了一系列微米级复合粉体。通过热压烧结方法在烧结温度为950℃,烧结压力为45 MPa的工艺条件下成功获得块体复合材料。研究了块体复合材料中Cu含量对显微组织,热导率,热膨胀系数以及显微硬度的影响。结果表明:CuFeCoCr块体复合材料均由fcc富铜相和fcc富铁钴铬相组成。该系列复合材料经600℃时效处理8 h后,其热膨胀系数变化范围为5.83×10-6~10.61×10-6 K-1,热导率变化范围为42.17~107.53 W·m-1·K-1。其中Cu55(Fe0.37Cr0.09Co0.54)45复合材料表现出良好的综合性能,即其热膨胀系数和热导率分别为9.08×10-6K-1和91.09 W·m-1·K-1,与电子封装半导体材料的热膨胀系数相匹配。