Partition of unity enrichment for bimaterial interface cracks

Partition of unity enrichment techniques are developed for bimaterial interface cracks. A discontinuous function and the two‐dimensional near‐tip asymptotic displacement functions are added to the finite element approximation using the framework of partition of unity. This enables the domain to be modelled by finite elements without explicitly meshing the crack surfaces. The crack‐tip enrichment functions are chosen as those that span the asymptotic displacement fields for an interfacial crack. The concept of partition of unity facilitates the incorporation of the oscillatory nature of the singularity within a conforming finite element approximation. The mixed‐mode (complex) stress intensity factors for bimaterial interfacial cracks are numerically evaluated using the domain form of the interaction integral. Good agreement between the numerical results and the reference solutions for benchmark interfacial crack problems is realized. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of Lanthanum on Root Growth and Senescence of GF43 （ Prunus domestica ） Plantlet in Vitro

The effect and the action mechanism of lanthanum on GF43 plantlet in vitro were studied. The results of experiments show that root growth rate and dry weight of GF43 by LaCI3 treatments increase. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in root system such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) apparently enhance. Moreover O^-2 and malond ialdehyde (MDA) contents and cell membrane permeability of GF43 are decreased by LaC13. The relatively stable membrane structure of cell could also be maintained and the root ageing of GF43 plantlet in vitro delays.     

基于材料吸附机理的抑尘沥青路面改性剂选择与试验研究

为了选择性能更优的抑尘吸附改性剂,通过对抑尘吸附材料的吸附机理进行分析,研究了比表面积、表面张力两项指标对纤维素系吸附材料、无机物系吸附材料和无机盐系吸附材料的影响.通过吸湿增重试验、比表面积测定、表面自由能测定对抑尘吸附改性剂的性能进行评估;通过抑尘沥青混合料吸湿效果试验对抑尘吸附改性剂的性能进行了验证.结果表明:玉米芯粉、天然沸石粉及无水氯化钙都可作为吸尘吸附改性剂且具有良好的吸附性能.吸附性能:无水氯化钙沸石粉玉米芯粉.     

Lemon oil solubilization in mixed surfactant solutions: Rationalizing microemulsion & nanoemulsion formation

Lipophilic functional ingredients are usually incorporated into aqueous-based foods and beverages in the form of colloidal dispersions. In this study, we investigated the rate and extent of solubilization of emulsified lemon oil in mixed non-ionic surfactant solutions (buffer: propylene glycol = 2:1): sucrose monopalmitate (SMP) and/or Tween 80 (T80). The influence of surfactant concentration, type, and mixing ratio on lemon oil solubilization was investigated, with the aim of identifying suitable conditions for preparing stable microemulsions and nanoemulsions. Solubilization was monitored by measuring changes in light scattering by lemon oil droplets after they were dispersed in surfactant solutions (pH 7). The solubilization process was rapid (<few minutes), with the rate increasing with increasing surfactant concentration. For a particular surfactant type and concentration, lemon oil was transferred from nanoemulsion droplets into microemulsion droplets until a critical lemon oil concentration (C_sat) was reached, after which it remained as nanoemulsion droplets. The value of C_sat increased with increasing surfactant concentration and was higher for SMP than Tween 80. The impact of storage at pH 3.5 on the physical stability of microemulsions and nanoemulsions was examined. Acid stable colloidal dispersions could not be formed using SMP alone. However, relatively stable nanoemulsions and microemulsions could be formed when ≥75 or 50 wt% Tween 80 was incorporated into the surfactant phase, respectively. This study provides important information for the rational design of food-grade colloidal delivery systems for encapsulating and delivering functional lipids for food and beverage applications.     

民用建筑走道设置排烟设施限定条件的探讨

基于工程实践,对相关规范和设计手册中涉及的民用建筑走道设置排烟设施的限定条件的内容进行了对比,详细分析了各个文献中表述的涵义及优缺点,并在此基础上给出了作者的阐述。     

Formation and microstructural characterization of whey protein isolate/beet pectin coacervations by laccase catalyzed cross-linking

The purpose of this study was to characterize the properties of stable and reinforced protein–polysaccharides complex coacervations firstly formed by electrostatic interaction between WPI and beet pectin, and followed by laccase cross-linking through ferulic acid present in beet pectin. The interaction of whey protein isolate (WPI, 6 g/100 ml) with beet pectin (0–0.16 g/100 ml) in aqueous solutions was studied at different pH (3–7). ζ-potential and light-scattering techniques were used to provide information about the electrical charge and aggregation of individual biopolymers and complex coacervations. Stable WPI/beet pectin complex coacervations were formed when system consisted of 6 g/100 ml WPI and 1 g/100 ml beet pectin at pH 3.5. The microstructure and viscoelastic properties of WPI and beet pectin complex coacervations in the presence of laccase (0, 100, 300 U) was also studied using FT-IR, rheology, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) techniques. The results obtained clearly showed that laccase catalyzed cross-linking of ferulic acid present in beet pectin had a remarkable influence on the physical properties of WPI–beet pectin complex coacervations microstructure. The reinforced complex coacervations formed fine networking structures which may provide convenient means for food industry to incorporate bioactive components into food products.     

污水源热泵机组启动方式探讨

通过对某一污水源热泵启动过程中断路器跳闸情况的研究,分析跳闸原因,发现开式星-三角降压启动方式在星形转三角形时二次冲击电流过大,提出采用闭式星-三角降压启动方式,减少在星形转三角形时的二次冲击电流,起到改善电网及减少设备危害的作用。