再生蚕丝丝素蛋白纳米颗粒的制备及抗茵性

采用一种高效简便新工艺,用特定的溶剂将家蚕丝素蛋白溶解,透析浓缩后用α-糜蛋白酶酶解,制备了蚕丝丝素蛋白纳米级颗粒,进行了4种不同溶剂溶解的筛选性实验.结果表明:采用LiBr/CH3OH/H2O溶剂溶解,透析浓缩后用α-糜蛋白酶酶解的整体工艺效果最优.对生成的纳米粒子尺寸用扫描电镜、场发射扫描电镜进行表征,观察到4种混合溶剂溶解得到的丝素蛋白肽颗粒大小在20～50 μm之间;再用α-糜蛋白酶酶解后,丝素蛋白肽颗粒的大小降解为80～300 nm.测定了丝蛋白肽粉末的抗菌性,其纳米级颗粒比微米级颗粒具有更优异的抗菌效果.     

浮选法对非晶微硅粉提纯效果的研究

为确定效果最优的纳米石英浮选工艺条件,采用浮选法对微硅粉分离提纯,考察了捕收剂用量、不同金属阳离子活化剂种类、矿浆pH值、搅拌强度、引入纳米气泡等条件对纳米石英提纯效果的影响.结果表明:在浮选机转速为2 000 r/min、矿浆pH值为12、捕收剂(油酸钠)用量为1.5g/L、活化剂(CaCl2)用量为5×10-3mo...     

循环双流化床锅炉平衡通风风烟系统建模与仿真

建立了循环双流化床锅炉平衡通风风烟系统的数学模型,并对风烟系统的动态特性作了仿真研究。     

Perfluoroalkyl‐terminated star polymer electrolyte

A perfluoroalkyl‐terminated multiarm star polymer (perfluoroalkyl‐terminated hyperbranched polyglycerol) was synthesized and characterized on the basis of perfluorooctanoyl chloride grafting on hyperbranched polyglycerol. The conductivity of a blend of the perfluoroalkyl‐terminated star polymer and linear poly(ether urethane) was studied. The results indicated that this blend had better solvating capability in salt and higher ionic conductivity. The conductivity of the blend was 2.5 × 10^?4 S cm^?1 at 60°C when the concentration of the perfluoroalkyl‐terminated hyperbranched polyglycerol was 30 wt % and the ethylene oxide (EO)/Li ratio was 4 in the blend. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 238–242, 2005     

氟硅密封剂热老化性能研究

以不同三氟丙基含量的端羟基液体氟硅橡胶作为生胶,采用共混法制备氟硅密封剂。以拉伸强度和断裂伸长率为衡量指标,采用单因素试验法探讨了三氟丙基含量、硫化剂和耐热助剂类型等对氟硅密封剂耐热老化性能的影响。结果表明,三氟丙基含量越高,氟硅密封剂的耐热老化性能越差;硫化剂类型对氟硅密封剂的耐热老化性能影响不大;耐热助剂类型对氟硅密封剂的常温力学性能影响不大,但三氧化二铁(Fe2O3)和氧化铈(CeO2)均能明显提高氟硅密封剂的耐热性能。     

磨削速度对碳化硅陶瓷磨削损伤影响机制研究

碳化硅陶瓷高速磨削过程中,磨粒对工件材料强力冲击,应变率剧增、复杂显微结构对应力波传送响应转变,材料力学行为发生变化,目前高速磨削对材料去除机制影响的物理本质认识还不清楚。为此,开展磨削速度对SiC陶瓷磨削裂纹损伤影响机制研究。通过单颗磨粒磨削SiC陶瓷试验,分析了磨削速度对SiC陶瓷磨削表面形貌、磨削亚表面裂纹损伤深度、磨削力和磨削比能的影响规律。试验结果表明,当SiC陶瓷材料以脆性方式去除时,磨削速度对裂纹损伤影响最为显著,随着磨削速度从20 m/s增加到160 m/s,磨削亚表面裂纹损伤深度从12.1μm快速降低到6μm。采用Voronoi法建立了金刚石磨削多晶SiC陶瓷有限元仿真模型,当磨粒切厚为0.3μm,磨削亚表面损伤以微裂纹为主;当磨粒切厚为1μm时,随着磨削速度增加,磨削亚表面裂纹损伤深度从14.7μm降低到4.6μm,磨削亚表面宏观沿晶裂纹逐渐变为微观裂纹。基于位错理论和冲击动力学理论,揭示了高速磨削过程中位错密度的增加和晶界反射应力波对应力场削弱作用是高速磨削SiC陶瓷裂纹损伤“趋肤效应”产生的机理。     

波浪循环荷载作用下盾构穿越海堤过程中下卧软土的弱化响应研究#br#

 During the sub-sea tunnelling through a seawall, the soil adjacent to the tunnel may simultaneously bear tunneling-induced stress relief and wave-induced cyclic shearing. To investigate the coupling effects of stress relief and repeated loading on the mechanical behaviors of soft clay, a series of experiments were carried out using a hollow cylinder apparatus, which imposed undrained cyclic shearing to the soil samples under a reducing confining stress, followed by undrained shearing. The cyclic stresses simulated in the tests were estimated using elastic solution for a seabed subjected to the wave loadings. The test results show that the variation of each stress component under the coupled loading follows a sine or cosine relationship. The coupled loading plays a more significant role in affecting the radial strain (εr) and hoop strain (εθ) than the vertical strain (εr) and the torsional shear strain (εzθ) of the soft clay. The shear modulus of the soil experiences more degradation under the coupled loading than that under the single action of cyclic shearing. The pore pressure of the soil reduces under the disturbance of shield construction and begins to increase slowly under the wave loading after construction. At a given cyclic magnitude, the reduction of soil strength significantly depends on the magnitude of stress relief. A larger stress relief leads to a more reduction in the post-cyclic shear strength of the soil. Based on the experimental findings presented above, it is suggested that coupling effect between the cyclic shearing and the stress relief should be taken into account while designing sub-sea tunneling through a seawall.     

地铁分岔隧道施工性态的三维数值模拟与分析

深圳地铁大一科区间预留2^#接口线隧道是一个结构极为复杂的洞群系统工程。由于地质条件差，且周围环境条件限制严格，施工难度和风险极大，因此，对该工程进行了施工优化分析，建立了复杂的三维弹塑性有限元计算模型，并对该工程的施工过程进行了三维动态仿真分析，从理论上探讨了所拟定的施工方案的合理性和可行性，并取得了一些有意义的成果，为该工程的顺利施工提供了依据和指导。工程实践表明，理论分析结果是合理可靠的。     

云冈石窟立柱岩体长期强度研究

 基于分级加载单轴抗压蠕变试验,研究世界文化遗产云冈石窟9,10,12窟窟前立柱岩体的长期强度,并对其长期承载力学性能进行评价。研究结果表明：(1) 云冈石窟9,10,12窟窟前立柱岩体的岩性主要为砂岩,岩性单一,结构面不发育,属整体块状岩体结构类型,工程地质条件良好。(2) 立柱岩体中粗粒砂岩的长期强度低于中粒、中细粒砂岩的长期强度。其根本原因在于,中粗粒砂岩的胶结物类型是泥质胶结;其中含有微量的蒙脱石,在长期的风化过程中,与水作用后,易发生淋滤作用和溶蚀作用,次生裂隙相对较发育。(3) 高含水量状态下,中粗粒砂岩的长期强度为20.22 MPa,比其在低含水量状态下的长期强度降低44.31%。按云冈石窟立柱应力最大值出现在10窟西柱的上部(1.31 MPa)计,中粗粒砂岩立柱岩体的安全系数为15.4。因此,9,10,12窟窟前立柱岩体的长期承载力学性能良好。建议尽快修复和搭建窟檐,避免雨水对石窟的冲刷,同时还能调节窟内温度与湿度,减轻风化剥蚀。计算9,10,12窟窟前立柱最大可以承载的窟檐质量,供有关建筑设计和文物保护部门参考。这些研究结果和建议对于云冈石窟的保护具有一定的指导意义。     

Preparation and characterization of magnesium coating deposited by cold spraying

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have a great potential as structural materials due to their beneficial combination of high strength to weight ratio, high thermal conductivity and good machinability. However, few works about Mg coatings fabricated by cold spraying can be found in the literature. Thus, Mg coatings prepared at different main gas temperatures by cold spraying were investigated as well as their microstructure, phase structure, oxygen content and microhardness. The critical velocity of the particle was evaluated through numerical simulations. The particle deformation behavior and bonding mechanism were discussed. The result of the oxygen content measurement shows that the oxygen contents of coatings did not increase compared with that of the feedstock powder. The simulation results show that the critical velocity of Mg particles was in the range from 653 m/s to 677 m/s. The observation of the coating fracture morphology shows that the formation of the coating was due to the intensive plastic deformation and mechanical interlocking. The microhardness of the coating increased with the increase of the main gas temperature from 350 °C to 450 °C due to the decrease of the coating porosity.