Evaluation of apatite-coated chitosan microspheres for bone regeneration

The apatite-coated chitosan microspheres were fabricated by incubating chitosan in five times simulated body fluid. The apatite deposited on the microspheres was similar to natural bone mineral, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectra and Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy analyses. Rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） were seeded on apatite- coated microspheres to investigate the effect of this scaffold on cell proliferation and differentiation. BMSCs seeded on uncoated microspheres were served as a control. In vivo experiment was evaluated by transplanting the microspheres loaded with or without BMSCs in 5-mm cranial defects of Wistar rats. Bone regeneration was investigated via micro-CT and histological analysis. It was found that apatite-coated chitosan microspheres could significantly promote the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of BMSCs compared with uncoated microspheres. Histological slices and Micro-CT images at 8 weeks revealed much better regeneration of bone in the apatite-coated microspheres loaded with BMSCs than the control. In addition, the defect filled with pure microspheres induced little new bone formation. Our findings suggest that the apatite-coated chitosan microspheres scaffold is a promising carrier of stem cells for cranial bone tissue engineering.     

LS—SVM算法在光伏短期功率预测中的应用

以光伏阵列为研究对象,分析了辐照强度、温度以及日类型对光伏阵列出力的影响。建立了光伏短期功率预测最小二乘支持向量机LS-SVM模型。依据实验数据对模型进行了验证计算．并与BP神经网络模型做了比较,其中LS-SVM模型最大相对误差值为10．54％,平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）为8．18％,绝对误差平方和平均值的均方根（RMSE）为0．4884,表明模型预测值离散化程度较小,所有预测点均与实际值非常接近,模型具有较好的拟合效果和泛化能力．可以有效地预测短期光伏发电功率。     

Degradability and biocompatibility of bioglass/poly(amino acid) composites with different surface bioactivity as bone repair materials

Bioglass (BG) possesses excellent bioactivity and has been widely used in the manufacture of biomaterials. In this study, a composite with different surface bioactivity was fabricated via in situ melting polymerization by incorporating BG and poly(amino acid) (PAA) at a suitable ratio. The structure of the composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and XRD. The compressive strength of the BG/PAA composites was 139 MPa (BG:PAA = 30:70). The BG/PAA composites were degradable, and higher BG in composite showed higher weight loss after 4 weeks of incubation in simulated body fluid. In addition, the BG/PAA composite maintained adequate residual compressive strength during the degradation period. The SEM results showed the differences in surface bioactivities of the composites directly, and 30BG/PAA composite showed thicker apatite layer and higher Ca/p than 15BG/PAA. in vitro MG-63 cell culture experiments showed that the composite was noncytotoxic and thus allows cells to adhere, proliferate, and differentiate. This indicates that the composite has good biocompatibility. The implantations in the bone defects of rabbits for 4 and 12 weeks were studied. The composites had good biocompatibility and were capable of guiding new bone formation without causing any inflammation. The composite may be successfully used in the development of bone implants.     

Preparation of treelike and rodlike carboxymethylated nanocellulose and their effect on carboxymethyl cellulose films

In this work, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with low substitution degree, followed by different posttreatments, was applied to prepare treelike CMC nanofibrils (CMCNFs) and rodlike CMC nanocrystals (CMCNCs), and their performance in CMC composite film was evaluated simultaneously. From transmission electron microscopy results, it was found that the treelike CMCNCFs exhibited a lager aspect ratio compared to the rodlike CMCNCs. As for reinforcing CMC film, 4 wt% was the best adding amount, at this time, the tensile strength of CMC/CMCNFs and CMC/CMCNCs composite films was increased by 72.1% and 47.3%, respectively. Moreover, adding these nanofillers to CMC also could enhance the thermal stability of composite films slightly, while the transmittance of composite films was reduced at the same time. In addition, CMC/CMCNFs film was designed as a packaging box to determine its performance. Therefore, this study could reveal the differences of properties for composites with different types of nanocellulose and provide a foundation for further application of nanocellulose.     

Removal behavior and mechanism of silver from low concentration wastewater using cellulose aerogel modified by thiosemicarbazide

Due to the low concentration of silver in water, most of the cellulose adsorbents exhibited low removal efficiency, which greatly limited their practical applications. Herein, a cellulose aerogel modified by thiosemicarbamide (CAT) was fabricated for reducing and adsorbing silver ions from low concentration wastewater. The characterization results concluded that CAT owned a three-dimensional spongy structure with many circular microspheres and a better specific surface area (19.37 m² g⁻¹), as well as the functional groups of ─C═N⁺─H and ─(C═S)─N. The static batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that CAT could reached the maximum removal percentage of 94.94% and adsorption capacity of 42.12 mg g⁻¹ under the initial concentration of Ag(I) was 15 mg L⁻¹ and the pH value was 7. Meanwhile, the adsorption of Ag(I) on CAT was second-order reaction, and the Langmuir model could better fit the adsorption process. In addition, CAT exhibited wide pH values (1–9) adaptability and excellent adsorption performance for silver through electrostatic interaction, chelation, and reduction. This study probably provides a new method as well as important experimental data and theoretical reference for the removal of silver ions and other metals.     

Engineering all-aromatic polyamide surface from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic and the accelerated strategy

Being a new kind of nanomaterials, aromatic polyamide nanofibers (ANF) have been much highlighted in recent studies. We here demonstrate an isopropyl alcohol (IPA) accelerated chemical cleavage on poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) chopped fibers, which provides an efficient preparation method of ANF. The comprehensive study on the processes accelerated by different alcohols revealed that the preparation time of ANF in the mixed medium of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-alcohol (20:1 in volume) was shorten to 45 min and 75 min for methanol (ethanol) and isopropanol, respectively. However, the nanofibers prepared in DMSO-IPA exhibited the minimum in axial and radial dimensions, providing the finest and most uniform diameter of 16 nm. The corresponding ANF films through vacuum assisted filtration also showed the highest tensile strength of 150 MPa, in comparison with those of the ANF films prepared using other alcohols, which were about 110 MPa. Furthermore, ANF/silicon hybrid films were prepared by the ionic ring-opening reaction followed by the alkoxysilane condensation and nanoparticle fabrication. By changing the organo functional groups in the alkoxysilane, the surface of the films were adjustable in a wide contact angle range from 56° (hydrophilic) to 150° (superhydrophobic), suggesting the amendable interfacial properties potential applicable to composite fabrication with most of the resin matrix.     

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with improved crosslink density,oxidation stability,and microbial inhibition by chemical crosslinking and tea polyphenols for total joint replacements

Highly crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) stabilized by vitamin E (VE) is widely applied in artificial joints as the bearings. Despite the approval, there is a discord that VE lowers the crosslinking efficiency, limiting its use at high concentration. In this work, we aim to obtain highly crosslinked and oxidation resistant UHMWPE through the conjunction of tea polyphenol and chemical crosslinking. We hypothesized that highly incorporated tea polyphenol with multiple reactive sites can ameliorate crosslinking efficiency of chemical crosslinked UHMWPE in comparison to VE. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as representative tea polyphenol was incorporated into UHMWPE at high concentration (2–8 wt%), followed by chemical crosslinking with 2 wt% organic peroxide. Unlike VE/UHMWPE blends as the control, chemical crosslinking achieved an increasing trend in crosslink density of EGCG/UHMWPE blends with increasing antioxidant concentration. High concentration of EGCG also enhanced the oxidation stability of UHMWPE. Intriguingly, EGCG endowed UHMWPE with an excellent antimicrobial property, which was inefficient in VE/UHMWPE. Cell viability was hardly affected by the high loaded antioxidant and peroxide. The chemically crosslinked UHMWPE blended with EGCG is proved to be a reasonable, cost effective and realistic alternative for use in artificial joints.     

基于近似熵的中性点不接地系统故障区段定位*

提出一种基于暂态零序电流近似熵算法的故障区段定位方法.首先提取沿线各检测点暂态零序电流波形前1/4周期数据;然后通过计算其近似熵值及相邻检测点近似熵值比值,为判断故障区段设定阈值;最后通过MAT-LAB/Simulink建立10 kV中性点不接地配电网模型进行仿真分析,验证了该方法的有效性,且不受故障初相角、接地电阻的影响.     

少量添加稀土元素Nd和Er对挤压态Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Mn镁合金干摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、透射电镜、硬度计、3D轮廓仪和UMT-3型摩擦磨损试验机研究了复合添加微量Nd和Er元素对Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Mn干摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明，添加微量Nd和Er元素后，晶界处种类和数量更多的金属间化合物会阻碍晶界的迁移和滑移，基体中动态析出的β_1^"相密度增大且平均长度减小，更多的动态析出相以及弥散分布的金属间化合物提高了使基体的硬度，降低了磨损量。Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Mn合金在5N低载荷下的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主，并伴有氧化磨损；当载荷增大至20N，磨粒磨损明显减弱，氧化磨损程度增大。复合添加微量Nd和Er后，Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Mn-0.6Nd-0.3Er合金在低载荷下（5N）的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主，伴有氧化磨损和黏附磨损；由于耐磨性提高，当载荷增大至20N，磨损机制仍以磨粒磨损为主，黏附磨损程度有所减弱，并伴有氧化磨损。     

ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1微弧氧化陶瓷膜层形成过程研究

通过控制微弧氧化时间,研究了ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1在不同氧化时间下膜层的生长过程,分析了氧化过程中正向电流密度、膜层厚度的变化.结果表明微弧氧化阶段又分为氧化过渡阶段和氧化烧结阶段.氧化过渡阶段陶瓷层以向外生长为主;生成Al2O3非晶氧化物;氧化烧结阶段膜层以向内生长为主,此阶段膜层生长速率最快,生成Al2O3晶体和莫来石.氧化烧结阶段对陶瓷膜层的形成起重要作用,对氧化烧结阶段的控制可直接影响膜层的厚度以及膜层中Al2O3晶体含量.