Solution-Mediated Hybrid FAPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dots for Over 15% Efficient Solar Cell

Organic–inorganic formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI₃) hybrid perovskite quantum dot (QD) is of great interest to photovoltaic (PV) community due to its narrow band gap, higher ambient stability, and long carrier lifetime. However, the surface ligand management of FAPbI₃ QD is still a key hurdle that impedes the design of high-efficiency solar cells. Herein, this study first develops a solution-mediated ligand exchange (SMLE) for preparing FAPbI₃ QD film with enhanced electronic coupling. By dissolving optimal methylammonium iodide (MAI) into antisolvent to treat the FAPbI₃ QD solution, the SMLE can not only effectively replace the long-chain ligands, but also passivate the A- and X-site vacancies. By combining experimental and theoretical results, this study demonstrates that the SMLE engineered FAPbI₃ QD exhibits lower defect density, which is beneficial for fabricating high-quality QD arrays with desired morphology and carrier transport. Consequently, the SMLE FAPbI₃ QD based solar cell outputs a champion efficiency of 15.10% together with improved long-term ambient storage stability, which is currently the highest reported value for hybrid perovskite QD solar cells. These results would provide new design principle of hybrid perovskite QDs toward high-performance optoelectronic application.     

飞行器尾焰红外辐射及其被动测距

旨在研究利用飞行器的尾焰辐射对飞行器进行被动测距。导弹和飞机发动机的排气系统是飞机在3~5 m波段的主要红外辐射源。建模计算了矩形喷管尾焰红外辐射特性,计算结果表明,不管观察方向如何,尾焰红外辐射强度色比是相同的。当辐射强度色比在大气中传输时,因为吸收和散射而被衰减,不同波长上红外辐射衰减幅度不同,辐射强度色比随着传输距离的改变而发生变化,色比包含了目标的距离信息。推导了目标尾焰色比与尾焰温度、辐射传输距离、大气消光系数之间的关系。计算了尾焰色比与尾焰温度的关系,推导出了红外三色比距离方程组,选取4.5、4.6、4.7 m三个波长对三色被动测距进行了研究。利用测距方程组画出了测距图。结果表明,利用该方法可对尾焰进行三色测距。     

Efficient probe selection for fault localization using the property of submodularity

As the computer network increasingly grows larger and more complex, fault diagnosis has become a challenging task. Active probing is an efficient tool for fault localization. By implementing some test programs and analyzing the results, active‐probing‐based techniques can perform diagnosis efficiently and adaptively. Because probes may generate additional traffic overhead, it is important to appropriately select small number of probes to reach the desired diagnostic capability. However, the computation of probe selection problem in such environment is extremely expensive. Most of the past works purchase the speed at the cost of diagnostic accuracy. In this paper, we first verify that probe selection problem satisfies the property of submodularity. Then we take the use of the property and develop a submodularity‐based selection algorithm with following novel features: (i) it is cost effective, failure resistant and more accurate; (ii) it could deal with the uncertainties about the network structures and the observations; and (iii) it can select the required probes in near‐linear time. Finally, we implement submodularity‐based selection algorithm and other two representative probe selection algorithms (bounded path enumeration approximation algorithm and greedy search algorithm) on different settings of networks. The results have shown how the new algorithm outperforms the former two algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

纳秒脉冲治疗裸鼠皮下移植瘤抗癌机制研究

本研究探讨了纳秒级陡脉冲(nsPEF)对人恶性黑色素瘤A375细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型可能的抗癌机制.通过用游标卡尺测量裸鼠皮下瘤大小,估算抑瘤率.用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、TUNEL法检测肿瘤细胞在纳秒脉冲电场下的细胞凋亡情况,并用HE染色观察细胞形态变化.通过免疫组化法检测瘤体内微血管密度MVD、微血管形态、血管生长因子VEGF和增殖细胞核抗原PCNA的表达.结果发现nsPEF治疗后4d肿瘤生长抑制率达42.6％,琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示治疗后2h组出现阶梯状分布,治疗后4d组阶梯状分布较之明显,对照组未见阶梯状分布;TUNEL法显示治疗组凋亡率均高于对照组,治疗后4d组凋亡率明显高于2h组(p＜0.01).脉冲处理后见肿瘤区即刻变为灰白色;HE染色发现治疗后2h组肿瘤见少许坏死区域、4d组肿瘤坏死区域增多;免疫组化检测发现治疗后4d组微血管腔闭塞状态、MVD、VEGF及PCNA表达较对照组及治疗后2h组明显增多(P＜0.01),而对照组与治疗后2h组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结果表明纳秒级陡脉冲可能通过诱导细胞大量凋亡,短时间内降低肿瘤血流量,降低细胞增殖能力并降低肿瘤血管形成和重塑以防止肿瘤再生等方面发挥其抗癌效应.     

GPRS技术在SCADA系统中的实现与应用

GPRS是一种构建于GSM移动网络之上的通信新技术，可以提供中低速率的数据通信能力，本文介绍了GPRS的技术规范和特点，并提出了该技术在SCADA(即数据采集与监视控制)系统中的应用，给出相应的系统结构与软硬件设计要点，说明了其广泛的应用领域与前景。     

高空电缆防腐蚀润滑脂的研制

为了解决普通防腐蚀润滑脂胶体安定性差的问题,研制了一种高空电缆防腐蚀润滑脂。通过加入胶体安定性改善剂,提高了润滑脂的胶体安定性,钢网分油(120℃,1 h)仅为0.01%。研制的高空电缆防腐蚀润滑脂还具有良好的氧化安定性和抗腐蚀性。一年多的实际使用表明,高空电缆防腐蚀润滑脂可有效地保护高空电缆。高空电缆防腐蚀润滑脂解决了胶体安定性差的问题,达到了研制目的。     

虚源成像观测系统设计方法

虚源成像法可以避开地形起伏和复杂上覆地层对深部地质目标体的影响,提高地震勘探的分辨率和保真度。为了提高虚源成像的质量,在射线分析的基础上,给出了单层水平介质条件下虚源成像观测系统设计的定量表达式,从运动学的角度解释了固定相位点的物理意义,即满足反射波入射角等于直达波入射角的炮检点空间分布。同时,提出了调谐采样间隔的概念,为反射波信息准确重构的定量评价提供了一种有效方法。在此基础上,研究了不同参数对虚源成像质量的影响,其中介质速度和检波点的埋藏深度对成像质量有较大影响,而地质目标体的埋藏深度以及检波点间距对成像质量影响较小。数值试验的结果表明,随着介质速度和检波点埋藏深度的不断增大,调谐采样间隔不断增大,炮间距的选择范围也随之不断增大,进而为虚源成像地震数据采集提供更加高效保真的设计方案。     

辫状河储层构型表征研究进展

储层构型表征是开发后期挖潜剩余油的重要手段,辫状河砂体是重要的油气储层,但由于辫状河沉积机制复杂,砂体叠置关系多样,致使其内部构型模式复杂。针对辫状河储层构型的研究,在野外地质解剖、测井曲线识别、探地雷达分析以及室内模拟实验等多方面均已取得了诸多研究成果。依据储层构型层次界面分析法,辫状河储层构型共划分出6级储层构型单元;其中主要的储层构型研究对象为3级和4级储层构型单元,研究内容为辫状河沉积体系中单砂体的沉积模式、构型参数表征,心滩内部增生体与夹层的发育模式及构型参数特征。辫状河储层构型主要受构造运动、河水能量、气候条件以及沉积基准面变化4个方面的影响。     

SiO高效减反射膜的蒸镀和监控

报道了使用 IL400膜厚速率控制仪监控 SiO 减反射膜的蒸镀,通过对1.3μm 激光器前端面蒸镀 SiO 减反射膜而制成了超辐射发光二极管。     

半导体激光器的低频电噪声谱密度和器件的可靠性

本文给出了半导体激光器的低频电噪声谱密度和器件可靠性关系的实验结果。