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71.
New polyaniline (PANI) asymmetric membranes were fabricated using a phase‐inversion technique with hexane as the coagulation bath. These membranes exhibit a dense structure with macrovoids distributed asymmetrically throughout the cross‐section. A stress–strain study demonstrated that the Young's modulus (1.421 GPa) and strain at break (7.6 %) of the new PANI asymmetric membranes prepared from hexane are approximately 12 and 4 times higher, respectively, than the values reported previously for the PANI integrally skinned asymmetric membranes (ISAMs) (123 MPa Young's modulus and 1.8 % strain at break). Furthermore, monolithic electrochemical actuators based on a single PANI asymmetric membrane were constructed, and a bending movement of up to 20 Hz was experimentally recorded in a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. A lifetime of over 329 500 cycles was determined for these actuators at a ± 2° angular displacement (5 Hz). The lifetime is limited by a bending fatigue that creates a transversal crack on the PANI membrane at the air–water interface. Control over the actuator movement is also manifested by the linear dependences of the bending angle on the charge and of the angular velocity on the current. These relationships are independent of both the kind of applied electric signal and the frequency used. 相似文献
72.
通过模型试验 ,对位于西安市东郊因采沙使河道破坏严重的灞河河段进行了复现试验和研究 ,并以此为依据 ,通过优化比较为设计部门提供了合理的橡胶坝坝址和坝座高程。在此基础上 ,又对建坝后橡胶坝对上下游冲淤变化的影响进行了试验研究和分析 ,解决了工程设计中的一些关键技术问题 相似文献
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小秦岭地区金矿床严格受构造控制,各成矿阶段及矿物学特征明显,通过对矿物学特征的研究找出矿物学标志,认为今后找矿要注意各阶段石英的颜色、黄铁矿中金的含量以及矿石中银的含量,这些与金有密切关系. 相似文献
77.
78.
铝对W9Mo3Cr4V高速钢组织和硬度的影响 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
用X-射线仪,扫描电镜和透射电镜系统研究了铝对钨钼系高速钢铸态,退火以及淬回火组织的影响,铝含量超过2.0%,淬火组织中出现含析出合金的铁素体组织和晶界屈氏体,导致钢硬的降低。 相似文献
79.
Preparation of nanosized titania powder via the controlled hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Jinyuan Chen Lian Gao Junghua Huang Dongsheng Yan 《Journal of Materials Science》1996,31(13):3497-3500
By controlling the hydrolysis of titanium butoxide, followed with or without an ethanol washing process, the preparation of nanoscale titania powder was studied in detail. The characteristics of different powders produced by the direct precipitation (without an ethanol wash) and ethanol wash processes were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, BET, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis techniques. By comparison, it was found that both the direct precipitation and ethanol wash methods can obtain slightly agglomerated nanoscale titania powders of less than 15 nm, but the ethanol wash can further reduce the agglomeration. The particle sizes of titania powders can be modified while still retaining the anatase structure. 相似文献
80.
Jian -Ping Wang He -Lie Luo Nai -Fei Gao Yuan -Yuan Liu 《Journal of Materials Science》1996,31(3):727-730
The Fe-Ag granular metal solid samples with 10% and 30% weight iron have been successfully fabricated using a sol-gel method, which are characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron micrography. The average diameters of iron particles are from about a few nanometres to a few tens of nanometres controlled by the reducing temperature. The evolution of magnetic properties and microstructure during heat treating are described in detail and explained by using the superparamagnetism, single domain and multi domain theories. The magnetic anisotropy of the Fe-Ag granular solid is studied by using the law of approach to saturation. It is found that the magnetic anisotropy constant is in the order of 105 J m–3 which is higher than the value of the bulk iron and increases with the increase of reducing temperature. 相似文献