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991.
Estimating discharge in gravel‐bed river using non‐contact ground‐penetrating and surface‐velocity radars 下载免费PDF全文
Discharge measurement is a critical task for gravel‐bed channels. Under high‐flow conditions, the elevation of the riverbed changes significantly by intensive torrential flow. The stage–discharge relations commonly used for stream discharge estimation may no longer be adequate. The contact‐type velocity measuring is also subject to measurement errors and/or instrument failures by the high‐flow velocities, driftwood, stumps, and debris. This study developed a new real‐time method to estimate river discharge in gravel‐bed channels. A systematic measuring technology combining ground‐penetrating radar and surface‐velocity radar was employed. The rating curves representing the relations of water surface velocity to the channel cross‐sectional mean velocity and flow area were established. Stream discharge was then deduced from the resulting mean velocity and flow area. The proposed method was examined in a steep gravel‐bed reach of the Cho‐Shui River in central Taiwan. The estimated stream discharge during three flood events were compared to the prediction by using the stage–discharge relation and the index‐velocity method. The proposed method of this study is capable of computing reasonable values of discharge for an entire flood hydrograph, whereas the other two methods tend to produce large extrapolation errors. Moreover, when the computed discharge is used in 2D flood flow simulation, the proposed method demonstrates better performance than the commonly used stage–discharge and index‐velocity methods. 相似文献
992.
In this paper, an asymptotic expansion is constructed to solve second-order differential equation systems with highly oscillatory forcing terms involving multiple frequencies. An asymptotic expansion is derived in inverse of powers of the oscillatory parameter and its truncation results in a very effective method of dicretizing the differential equation system in question. Numerical experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the asymptotic method in contrast to the standard Runge–Kutta method. 相似文献
993.
In this article, we study a phase field model for a two-layer fluid where the temperature dependence of both the density (buoyancy forces) and the surface tension (Marangoni effects) is considered. The phase field model consisting of a modified Navier–Stokes equation, a Cahn–Hilliard phase field equation and an energy transport equation is derived through an energetic variational procedure. An appropriate variational form and a continuous finite element method are adopted to maintain the underlying energy law to its greatest extent. A few examples for Bénard–Marangoni convection in an Acetonitrile and n-Hexane two-layer fluid system heated from above will be computed to justify our phase field model and further show the good performance of our methods. In addition, an interesting experiment will be performed to show the competition between the Marangoni effects and the buoyancy forces. 相似文献
994.
本文采用气相色谱法分析乳氟禾草灵的含量,选用OV-17固定液,Gas-ChromQ为担体制备色谱柱,以苯二甲酸二正戊酯为内标物。方法的标准偏差为0.31,变异系数为0.34%,乳氟禾草灵的回收率在99.21-100.70%之间。 相似文献
995.
996.
磷酸铁(FePO4)是锂电池正极材料磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)的核心前驱体,FePO4形貌及硫含量对合成的LiFePO4材料性能有重要影响。为得到类球形低硫FePO4产品,在传统液相沉淀法技术基础上做了改进优化,添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为形貌助剂提高产品球形度,添加氨水作为配体形成磷酸铁铵配合物改善结晶过程,降低产品硫含量。结果表明:所制备的FePO4产品硫质量分数低,达到2.6×10 -5,形貌为均一的微米类球形颗粒,D50=11.4 μm,振实密度达到1.22 g/cm 3,有望成为制备高压实密度LiFePO4材料的核心前驱体。 相似文献
997.
In the present study we investigated the effects of dietary fats containing predominantly PUFA, monounsaturated FA (MUFA),
or saturated FA (SFA) on lipid profile and liver cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7α1) mRNA expression and bile acid production
in C57BL/6J mice. The animals (n=75) were randomly divided into five groups and fed a basic chow diet (AIN-93G) (BC diet), a chow diet with 1g/100g of cholesterol
(Chol diet), a chow diet with 1g/100g of cholesterol and 14g/100g of safflower oil (Chol+PUFA diet), a chow diet with 1g/100g
of cholesterol and olive oil (Chol+MUFA diet), or a chow diet with 1g/100g of cholesterol and myristic acid (Chol+SFA diet)
for 6 wk. The results showed that the Chol+SFA diet decreased CYP7α1 gene expression and bile acid pool size, resulting in
increased blood and liver cholesterol levels. Addition of PUFA and MUFA to a 1% cholesterol diet increased the bile acid pool
production or bile acid excretion and simultaneously decreased liver cholesterol accumulation despite decreased CYP7α1 mRNA
expression. The results indicate that the decreased bile acid pool size induced by the SFA diet is related to inhibition of
the liver CYP7α1 gene expression, but an increased bile acid pool size and improved cholesterol homeostasis are disassociated
from the liver CYP7α1 gene expression. 相似文献
998.
The thermal degradation of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB)/glass ceramic, PVB/Ag, and PVB/glass ceramic/Ag composites was investigated with thermogravimetric analysis in nitrogen and air. Thermogravimetric data revealed that the compositions of both inorganic materials in air could greatly influence the thermal degradation of PVB. The degradation reactions of PVB/ceramic and PVB/Ag composites began earlier and accelerated rapidly at lower temperatures. The overall degradation period was obviously shortened for the thermal degradation of PVB/Ag in air, whereas a longer time was required for the PVB/ceramic composite than for PVB. Moreover, dual effects of ceramic and Ag on the thermal degradation of PVB were observed for PVB/ceramic/Ag composites. In addition, the catalytic effects of ceramic and Ag on the degradation reaction of PVB in air were verified with a kinetic analysis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2142–2149, 2004 相似文献
999.
Guang Su Huang Xiang Ru He Jing Rong Wu Qi Ying Pan Jing Zhen Zhuo Hong 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2006,102(4):3127-3133
In this study, a kind of novel damping materials was prepared based on the blend of chlorinated butyl rubber (CIIR) and polyacrylate (PAc) synthesized by different molar ratio of butyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate. Research results from experiments and analyses by employing DMA, TEM, and FTIR show that whether at a cocured system or noncocured system, it can be achieved to shift a loss peak of CIIR towards a higher temperature region and to keep the damping value from markedlly decreasing, which broadens the effective damping function area of CIIR to the vicinity of ambient temperature. In the former system, the thermodynamical miscibility of CIIR and PAc, to some extent, is predominated by the molecular design of PAc, while in the latter system, covulcanized networks play a more significant role in improving compatibility and abating the peak split, though the suppression effect of thermal stress on the transition of CIIR Tll transition still can not be neglected. Furthermore, transition state derived from the cocuring CIIR and PAc cannot make the phase separation completely take place, and consequently results in the deformation of phase morphology of the cocured CIIR/PAc blend. It is the influence of thermodynamics miscibility and forced compatibility in different size that makes the suppression effect of foreign PAc on CIIR Tll transition be controllable. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3127–3133, 2006 相似文献
1000.
本文介绍了国内外甲醇生产消费情况及生产工艺路线,并对目前普遍应用的ICI低压法和鲁奇低压法进行了综合分析和对比。同时,还就采用ICI工艺或鲁奇工艺建10万吨/年甲醇装置进行了经济分析。 相似文献