Ionothermal synthesis of a three-dimensional zinc phosphate with DFT topology using unstable deep-eutectic solvent as template-delivery agent

A three-dimensional zinc phosphate compound with DFT topology, designated as ZnPO₄-EU1, has been synthesized by an ionothermal approach from the system HF-ZnO–P₂O₅-choline chloride-imidazolidone. Ethylenediamine, derived from decomposition of the imidazolidone component of the deep-eutectic solvent (DES) itself, is delivered to the synthesis and serves as an appropriate template for ZnPO₄-EU1. Experiments in which the synthesis conditions were varied showed that ZnPO₄-EU1 may be prepared over a wide molar ratio of P/Zn = 0.55–13.0. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns have been obtained at intervals to track the crystallization process of this material. The experimental data show that Zn₃(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O (a dense phase) was first isolated from the DES after reaction for 1 h. Subsequently, the pure phase of ZnPO₄-EU1 was obtained with increasing crystallization time from 12 h to 72 h. The experimental results show that the nucleation and crystallization take place with relatively low levels of solvent degradation, demonstrating that zinc phosphate with a three-dimensional framework can be synthesized by in situ generation of an appropriate template using an unstable DES at high temperatures (150–200 °C).     

风管摩擦阻力的直接计算方法

提出用高精度的反映密度、黏度和温度关系的经验公式和Colebrook公式计算风管摩擦阻力系数的方法。分析和算例表明，用该方法计算，计算结果比采用常用工程设计方法更为准确，为应用计算机进行风道设计提供了直接、简便的方法。     

修正热量法计算供热煤耗暨热电联产效益分析

介绍了热电联产成本的两种计算方法,指出了两种计算方法的局限性.对热电联产节能效果进行了量化分析,在按热量法对供热比计算的基础上,提出了修正热量法.此方法体现了热电联产的优越性,为发电企业增加了经济效益.     

Formation mechanism of 21R AlN-polytypoids in aluminothermic reduction and nitridation process

Synthesis of 21R AlN polytypoids was investigated using Al and ultrafine SiO₂ powder in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere by means of thermal gravity (TG), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM) linked with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results showed that the formation mechanism of AlN polytypoids was different from that in reaction sintering process using Si₃N₄, AlN, Al₂O₃ and other sintering additive as raw materials. It was suggested that firstly Al reduce SiO₂ into Si and is also nitrided into AlN, then AlN, Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ dissolve into silicon liquid until the AlN polytypoids precipitate in saturated liquid in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere at lower than 1700 °C.     

世界钻井史上的第一支钻头——圜刃

在人类文明史上,中华民族文明是全球九个独立起源的文明之一(其余八个为古埃及文明、两河流域文明、古印度文明、爱琴-米诺斯文明、南俄文明、奥尔梅克文明、玛雅文明、查文文明)。在世界文化史上,中华民族文化是世界五大文化圈之一(其余四个是西方基督教文化圈、东方东正教文化圈、伊斯兰教文化圈和印度     

裂齿矩形翅片板翅式换热器优化设计的分析

对裂齿矩形翅片板翅式换热器中的裂齿矩形翅片的传热效率作了分析,并以单位质量材耗的换热能力最大为目标函数,分析研究了在不同雷诺数(Re)的操作条件下裂齿矩形翅片间角度、翅片厚、长度、宽度及极厚之间的关系。结果表明:在气体换热的场合下,当Re在某一范围时翅片可有效地起到强化传热的作用。当板厚为5mm,翅片厚为3mm,翅片间夹角为45°～70°,Re为2×10~3～8×10~3,最佳翅片纵向间距与翅片长度和翅片厚度乘积的平方根的比为1.5～2.5,最佳翅片尺寸系数为3～5时,传热强化效果较好。     

高压水射流射孔井眼应力数值模拟研究

水力射孔技术是一种新型完井方式,利用深穿透水力射孔技术辅助定向压裂,可实现油层改造和油井增产。考虑套管水泥环的影响,采用有限元理论结合ANSYS软件计算了高压水射流水力射孔井眼周围的应力,重点分析了水力射孔参数对井周应力的影响规律,初步研究了直井水力压裂时水力射孔对裂缝起裂的影响。计算结果表明,沿最大水平地应力方向布孔时,孔眼根部的周向拉应力最大,裂缝将会在孔眼根部起裂;选择合理水力射孔参数可有效降低地层破裂压力。研究结果可为高压水射流水力射孔辅助定向压裂提供参数优选的依据。     

VC++实现的串口通讯数据处理

说明了在异步串行通信(RS-232)的工作方式下,对所接收的数据进行接收、处理,丢弃乱码,并进行保存的可靠方法,并给出了相关的VC 语言程序.     

Research on Marine Boiler＇s Pressurized Combustion and Heat Transfer

The effect of pressure on combustion and heat transfer is analyzed. The research is based on the basic combustion and heat transfer theorem. A correction for the heat calculation method for pressurized furnace is made on the basis of the normal pressure case. The correction takes the effect of pressurizing into account. The results show that the correction is reasonable and the method is applicable to combustion and heat transfer of the marine supercharged boiler.     

Synthesis of Mg-α-sialon from the mixture of silicon, aluminum and magnesia powders in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere

Synthesis of Mg-α-Sialon has been investigated by the mixture of silicon, aluminum and magnesia powders in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere in the range of 1300–1600 °C, when Mg-α-Sialon is designed with a chemical formulation of Mg _x Si_12−3x Al_3x O _x N_16−x in present work. The results showed that Mg-α-sialon initially occurred at 1400 °C and basically increased with elevated temperatures. For the samples of x = 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 the products mainly consisted of Mg-α-Sialon with small amounts of Si, AlN and 21R AlN-polytypoid phases at 1600° C. However, in final products of x = 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 only a little of Mg-α-Sialon formed and a great amount of Si remained in these samples at all the fired temperatures. Fortunately, the content of Mg-α-Sialon in these samples were obviously increased by adding a small amount of α-Si₃N₄ as seeds before nitridation.