正交试验优化淫羊藿总黄酮和多糖的分步提取工艺优化

通过对淫羊藿总黄酮和多糖进行分步提取工艺优化,探寻一种提高淫羊藿综合利用率的提取工艺。利用单因素结合正交试验优化淫羊藿总黄酮的超声波辅助提取工艺,并对此工艺所得药渣进行多糖的水煮提取工艺优化。结果表明,总黄酮提取的最优工艺条件为按料液比1:10(g/mL)加入70%乙醇溶液,在60℃提取温度、150W超声功率下提取2次,每次5min,提取效率达4.72%;多糖提取的最优工艺条件为按料液比1:10加入水,在90℃提取温度提取2次,每次30min,提取效率达1.89%。优化后的淫羊藿总黄酮和多糖分步提取工艺操作简单、能耗低、提取效率高、多糖损失率低、较大限度地提高了淫羊藿的综合利用率。     

我国中小学教材出版研究综述——以语文教材为主

1949年后,基于中国社会政治、文化结构的急剧变革,作为基础教育最重要的教学依据——中小学教材的发展,也呈现出鲜明的阶段特点。教材的研究也经历了兴起、受挫、恢复、繁荣几个时期。20世纪中国大陆改革开放以来,学界对中小学教材的研究成果数量逐渐增多,视角也趋于广阔,为教材出版制度的建设和完善提供了丰富的资料。本文以中小学教材特别是语文教材研究为中心,对中小学教材出版的相关研究成果内容和方法进行梳理和分析,以期为当下国内中小学语文教材研究和改革提供有益启示。     

助溶剂法制备生物柴油的动力学研究

菜籽油和甲醇在碱催化下通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油,因油和甲醇不能完全互溶,反应速度较慢,而助溶剂的加入解决了这一问题。当催化剂KOH用量为0．15％,醇油摩尔比为27：1,助溶剂甲基叔丁基醚和油的体积比为1．6：1时,反应物能形成均相。在反应温度分别为30、40、50℃时,对助溶剂法酯交换反应进行动力学研究,结果表明反应在30min内基本达到平衡,转化率最高为99．4％。反应基本遵循1级反应,反应活化能为52．17kJ／mol。     

枳椇子理化特性及营养成分分析

为了更好开发枳椇子资源,利用常规分析和仪器分析对枳椇子理化特性和营养成分进行测定,试验结果表明:枳椇子三维尺寸长、宽、厚分别为4.05 mm、3.66 mm、1.82 mm,千粒重为16.8 g,含仁率为45.66%、容重为765.1 g/L。枳椇子的主要成分质量分数为:粗纤维53.45%、粗蛋白15.79%、碳水化合物10.95%、粗脂肪8.03%、灰分2.08%。枳椇子蛋白中必需氨基酸占29.1%。枳椇子灰分中常量元素(钾、镁、钙、钠)占98.7%,微量元素(铁、锰、铜、锌)占1.3%。枳椇子油的亚麻酸、油酸、亚油酸含量较高,其中亚麻酸质量分数高达45.56%。     

变形假单胞菌2-酮基葡萄糖酸激酶基因的克隆、表达及生物信息学分析

采用聚合酶链式反应技术,从2-酮基葡萄糖酸工业生产菌株变形假单胞菌JUIM01中克隆2-酮基葡萄糖酸激酶的全长基因kguK,并在此基础上构建了重组菌株大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)/pET-28a(+)-kguK。在异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷的诱导下,该重组菌株表达了一个特异的分子质量约为36.0 ku融合蛋白,且该蛋白的Western-Blot鉴定结果显示为阳性。生物信息学分析结果表明,该蛋白是一种由305个氨基酸残基组成的亲水性蛋白,定位于细胞质中,存在着与pfkB家族蛋白类似的保守结构域,其二级结构中α-螺旋、延伸链和无规则卷曲所占的比例分别为35.73%、12.79%和51.48%。     

A durable and environmental friendly superhydrophobic coatings with self-cleaning,anti-fouling performance for liquid-food residue reduction

A durable and environmentally-friendly superhydrophobic coatings for liquid-food residue reduction were prepared by using stearic acid (SA) modified organic montmorillonite (SA@OMMT) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Due to the natural hydrophobicity of SAs, SA@OMMT provides low surface energy as well as roughness for the coating. PDMS not only provided low surface energy in the coating but also contributed to the bonding of SA@OMMT as a result of its high adhesive properties. In addition, PDMS has good physical properties after curing, which can effectively improve the physical properties and durability of a superhydrophobic coating by the self-assembly method using a PDMS/n-hexane solution. For 1 wt.% SA@OMMT and 5 wt.% PDMS, the resulting SA@OMMT/PDMS (SOP) coating showed the water contact angle (WCA) and water sliding angle (WSA) of 156.3°and 2°, respectively. The prepared coatings have good physical and chemical stability, and they still have superhydrophobicity after physical abrasion tests and exposure to the corrosion solutions. In the meanwhile, the prepared coating also has flexibility and superhydrophobicity after bending and folding. Finally, the coating surface shows highly effective antifouling ability to liquid and solid pollutants. The coating can be applied against different substrates and has potential application in the field of liquid-food residue reduction.     

A Degeneration Gradient of Poplar Trees Contributes to the Taxonomic,Functional, and Resistome Diversity of Bacterial Communities in Rhizosphere Soils

Bacterial communities associated with roots influence the health and nutrition of the host plant. However, the microbiome discrepancy are not well understood under different healthy conditions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and function varies along a degeneration gradient of poplar, with a focus on plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and antibiotic resistance genes. Comprehensive metagenomic analysis including taxonomic investigation, functional detection, and ARG (antibiotics resistance genes) annotation revealed that available potassium (AK) was correlated with microbial diversity and function. We proposed several microbes, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, Mesorhizobium, Nocardioides, Variovorax, Gemmatimonadetes, Rhizobacter, Pedosphaera, Candidatus Solibacter, Acidobacterium, and Phenylobacterium, as candidates to reflect the soil fertility and the plant health. The highest abundance of multidrug resistance genes and the four mainly microbial resistance mechanisms (antibiotic efflux, antibiotic target protection, antibiotic target alteration, and antibiotic target replacement) in healthy poplar rhizosphere, corroborated the relationship between soil fertility and microbial activity. This result suggested that healthy rhizosphere soil harbored microbes with a higher capacity and had more complex microbial interaction network to promote plant growing and reduce intracellular levels of antibiotics. Our findings suggested a correlation between the plant degeneration gradient and bacterial communities, and provided insight into the role of high-turnover microbial communities as well as potential PGPB as real-time indicators of forestry soil quality, and demonstrated the inner interaction contributed by the bacterial communities.     

Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Co-Al-C System by Coupling Ab Initio Calculations and CALPHAD Approach

The ternary Co-Al-C system was thermodynamically assessed using the CALPHAD method based on the critical review of all experimental information in the system. The κ-carbide was described with a three-sublattice model (Al,Co)₃(Al,Co)₁(C,Va)₁. To support the assessment, the enthalpies of formation of all end-members of the κ-carbide were studied by ab initio calculations. The solubility ranges of the carbon in the κ-carbide, the αCo and the AlCo (B2) phases were well reproduced. The equilibria involving the liquid phase were reasonably described using the present set of thermodynamic parameters.     

稳流仓进料调节装置和出料稳流装置的设计与应用

稳流仓广泛应用于水泥生产行业,仓内布料情况直接关系到辊压机运行的稳定性,直接影响系统的台时产量、工序电耗等经济指标。为了使稳流仓内物料均匀分布,生产现场通常采用打散板、打散格等方式,但由于仓位变化、结皮等因素导致物料离析,最终影响辊压机运行。     

高产纤维素酶突变株的筛选及其产酶条件优化

通过常压室温等离子体技术诱变里氏木霉RUT-C30,筛选高产纤维素酶突变株,并对其产酶进行优化,提高纤维素酶的产量。筛选得到高产纤维素酶突变株后,进行全基因组测序分析突变型,并对产酶培养基和培养条件进行优化。结果表明：经过筛选获得高产纤维素酶突变株JNDY-13,其摇瓶发酵最高滤纸酶活可达2.21 IU/mL,为出发菌株的2.21 倍,优化后JNDY-13在5 L罐中流加发酵所产最高滤纸酶活为5.40 IU/mL;测序结果显示JNDY-13基因组中共有752 个突变发生,其中半乳糖激酶基因中被插入的18 个碱基可能是突变株纤维素酶活力增加的原因。