A Novel Control Scheme for Current-Source-Converter-Based PMSG Wind Energy Conversion Systems

A novel control scheme for permanent-magnet synchronous generator is proposed in this paper, where a current-source converter is employed as the bridge between the generator and the grid for high-power wind energy conversion systems. In these medium voltage (2.3-13.8 kV) level applications, current-source converters not only have inherent advantages, but also present some challenges for controller design due to the DC link choke and filter capacitors. The control strategy is developed to achieve better performances with improved dynamic response. By maintaining the grid-side converter modulation index at the highest possible level, the proposed control scheme reduces the DC link current to a minimum value to reduce converter conduction loss. The systempsilas dynamic performance is further improved by adopting generator-side power feedforward. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the proposed control scheme.     

FPGA系统设计中硬件资源分配的分析与研究

基于FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）的电子系统设计中,需要用户充分了解芯片内部的各项资源利用情况,包括逻辑单元、RAM、I／O单元、DSP（数字信号处理器）等,以在各种资源利用之间达到一种平衡,从而最大限度地发挥器件的功用。文中研究了基于FPGA的电子系统设计中资源分配问题。以设计基于FPGA的多首音乐演奏芯片为例,说明了两种设计方案,并以Ahera公司的FPGA为研究对象,在QuartusⅡ5．0设计平台下得到了不同方案中硬件资源的分配情况,并对实验结果进行了分析与比较。由实验结果可知,对于同一设计任务,采用不同设计方法所占用的FPGA硬件资源是不同的。     

Achieving High‐Performance Photothermal and Photodynamic Effects upon Combining D–A Structure and Nonplanar Conformation

Various organic nanoagents have been developed for photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation. Among them, small molecule‐based nanoagents are very attractive due to their advantages of well‐defined chemical structures, high purity, good reproducibility, and easy processability. However, only a few small molecule‐based nanoagents have been developed for PDT under NIR irradiation. Moreover, the mechanism of PDT under NIR is still elusive. Herein, a semiconducting small molecule (BTA) with donor–acceptor–donor structure and twisted conformation is developed for PDT/PTT under NIR irradiation. A large π‐conjugated electron‐deficient unit is used as the core to couple with two electron‐donating units, ensuring the strong absorption under 808 nm. Moreover, the donor–acceptor structures and twisted conformation can reduce the energy gap between the singlet and triplet states (?E_ST) to afford effective intersystem crossing, beneficial for reactive oxygen species generation. The mechanism is probed by experimental and theoretical evidence. Moreover, the BTA nanoparticles exhibit excellent biocompatibility and PTT/PDT in vitro performance under NIR irradiation. This provides a strategy for designing highly efficient PDT/PTT molecular materials.     

Hollow PtPdRh Nanocubes with Enhanced Catalytic Activities for In Vivo Clearance of Radiation‐Induced ROS via Surface‐Mediated Bond Breaking

Catalytic nanomaterials can be used extrinsically to combat diseases associated with a surplus of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Rational design of surface morphologies and appropriate doping can substantially improve the catalytic performances. In this work, a class of hollow polyvinyl pyrrolidone‐protected PtPdRh nanocubes with enhanced catalytic activities for in vivo free radical scavenging is proposed. Compared with Pt and PtPd counterparts, ternary PtPdRh nanocubes show remarkable catalytic properties of decomposing H₂O₂ via enhanced oxygen reduction reactions. Density functional theory calculation indicates that the bond of superoxide anions breaks for the energetically favorable status of oxygen atoms on the surface of PtPdRh. Viability of cells and survival rate of animal models under exposure of high‐energy γ radiation are considerably enhanced by 94% and 50% respectively after treatment of PtPdRh nanocubes. The mechanistic investigations on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde amount, and DNA damage repair demonstrate that hollow PtPdRh nanocubes act as catalase, peroxidase, and SOD analogs to efficiently scavenge ROS.     

High-Power and Ultrastable Aqueous Calcium-Ion Batteries Enabled by Small Organic Molecular Crystal Anodes

Calcium ion batteries (CIBs) are pursued as potentially low-cost and safe alternatives to current Li-ion batteries due to the high abundance of calcium element. However, the large and divalent nature of Ca²⁺ leads to strong interaction with intercalation hosts, sluggish ion diffusion kinetics and low power output. Herein, a small molecular organic anode is reported, tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI), involving carbonyl enolization (CO↔C O⁻) in aqueous electrolytes, which bypasses the diffusion difficulties in intercalation-type electrodes and avoid capacity sacrifice for polymer organic electrodes, thus manifesting rapid and high Ca storage capacities. In an aqueous Ca-ion cell, the PTCDI presents a reversible capacity of 112 mAh g⁻¹, a high-capacity retention of 80% after 1000 cycles and a high-power capability at 5 A g⁻¹, which rival the state-of-the-art anode materials in CIBs. Experiments and simulations reveal that Ca ions are diffusing along the a axis tunnel to enolize carbonyl groups without being entrapped in the aromatic carbon layers. The feasibility of PTCDI anodes in practical CIBs is demonstrated by coupling with cost-effective Prussian blue analogous cathodes and CaCl₂ aqueous electrolyte. The appreciable Ca storage performance of small molecular crystals will spur the development of green organic CIBs.     

偏压电荷收集器测量HPIB的原理和实验

介绍了偏压电荷收集器的结构，分析了利用其测量HPIB束流强度的原理，利用KARAT PIC软件模拟了偏压电荷收集器内部的电荷输运过程，模拟结果表明HPIB在偏压电荷收集器内部电荷中和而电流不中和，从而证实了电荷中和假设和这种装置测量HPIB的准确性。另外还分别对几何参数和偏置电压对偏压电荷收集器的影响进行了模拟，在德拜长度范围内，孔径的大小为0．6-0．8mm比较合适，偏压为-800V就可满足峰值能量为500keV HPIB的测量要求，实验验证了偏压大小与离子收集效率之间的关系。     

Preliminary Research Results for the Generation and Diagnostics of High Power Ion Beams on FLASH II Accelerator

The preliminary experimental results of the generation and diagnostics of highpower ion beams on FLASH II accelerator are reported, The high-power ion beams presently are being produced in a pinched diode, The method for enhancing the ratio of ion to electron current is to increase the electron residing time by pinching the electron flow, Furthermore, electron beam pinching can be combined with electron reflexing to achieve ion beams with even higher efficiency and intensity. The anode plasma is generated by anode foil bombarded with electron and anode foil surface flashover. In recent experiments on FLASH II accelerator, ion beams have been produced with a current of 160 kA and an energy of 500 keV corresponding to an ion beam peak power of about 80 GW. The ion number and current of high power ion beams were determined by monitoring delayed radioactivity from nuclear reactions induced in a ^12C target by the proton beams, The prompt γ-rays and diode bremsstrahlung X-rays were measured with a PIN semi-conductor detector and a plastic scintillator detector, The current density distribution of ion beam were measured with a biased ion collector array. The ion beams were also recorded with a CR-39 detector.     

基于水平集的人脑MR图像分割方法

为了更好地对解剖结构和形状复杂的非均匀分布人脑图像进行分割,在水平集Chan-Vese模型的基础上引入Otsu技术,给出了基于水平集的人脑磁共振(magnetic resonance,MR)图像分割方法.该方法利用Heaviside函数描述区域内图像分布信息,通过最大类间方差来反映区域间图像分布方差信息,2部分信息经融合后构建新的能量函数,以引导图像分割过程,最终得到所期望的人脑图像分割结果.采用2个数据集提供的人脑图像数据进行实验,结果表明:所提方法在相似性度量和正误率度量方面,与其他方法相比都有明显的优势,可以很好地实现人脑图像的分割.     

基于多智能体的钻井平台供电模式转换预诊断

以目前性能最为先进的第六代半潜式钻井海洋平台为研究背景,介绍了平台的两种供电模式;鉴于平台复杂的供电模式转换过程的可行性和设备[5]的性能约束[5],提出了一种预诊断的思想以提高供电模式转换的成功率;并应用多智能体的研究方法对供电模式的转换过程的预诊断进行了系统的描述。最后用组态软件仿真了在柴油发电机组和断路器故障状况下的供电模式转换预诊断界面,仿真结果与设定结果相同,证实了基于多智能体的预诊断策略能为供电模式的转换决策提供准确信息,提高了供电转换的成功率。     

控制棒导向管外流道旁流特性实验研究

冷却剂流经核反应堆堆芯时,绝大部分通过燃料组件内部流过,带走裂变能量。另外一小部分作为旁流经过燃料组件外侧流道、控制棒导向管外侧及内侧流道流出。为确保反应堆在正常运行工况下的安全性,必须限制堆芯旁流流量。本文通过开展导向管外侧流道阻力特性实验研究,在不同流量工况下获得了分段压差,并进一步拟合了雷诺数与阻力系数的关系式。实验结果表明,导向管外侧流道压力损失主要集中在堆芯下栅格板处,当反应堆额定工况运行时,单组导向管外侧流量仅为0.196 m³/h。