Extraction of Metal(Ti,V,Mo)-oxyl Cations by Monoacidic Phosphates and Phosphonates

The extraction of TiO~(2+),VO~(2+),VO_2~+ and MoO_2~(2+)by HDEHP,HEHEHP and HDTMPP was studiedrespectively.The orders of extraction ability for the three extractant systems are as follows:for TiO~(2+),VO~(2+):HDEHP>HEHEHP>HDTMPP;for VO_2~+, MoO_2~(2+):HDEHP< HEHEHP< HDTMPP.The experimental results were discussed from the point of view of extractant structures.     

显微组织对Ni-Cr合金热腐蚀行为的影响

采用机械合金化法和真空熔炼法制备了不同显微组织的Ni-20Cr（质量分数，％，下同）合金，并研究其在950℃，75％Na2SO4＋25％K2SO4（质量分数，下同）盐膜下的热腐蚀行为。结果表明：细晶的机械合金化Ni-20Cr合金热腐蚀后表面形成了单一连续的Cr2O3外氧化膜，有效地阻止了硫的向内扩散，延长了热腐蚀过程的孕育期，呈现出较普通晶粒尺寸的熔炼Ni-20Cr合金更好的抗热腐蚀性能。     

电磁搅拌对ZA-27合金凝固组织的影响

研究了保温电磁搅拌和间断性电磁搅拌对ZA27合金组织的影响，在保温凝固过程中进行电磁搅拌时，晶粒细化效果更明显。保湿搅拌温度存在搅拌效果最理想的临界值Tc。间断性电磁搅拌使得枝晶显著粒化，晶粒分布更加均匀。     

喷射成形技术在钢铁材料中的应用

本文简要介绍了喷射成形技术的原理、特点及其在钢铁材料中的应用概况 ,综述了各种喷射成形钢铁材料的研究现状及其产品发展状况     

埋弧焊机的单片机控制系统设计

设计了以MCS-51单片机为控制核心的埋弧焊机控制系统．实现焊接过程的实时控制，保证了焊接电流和电弧电压的自动调节。通过实际生产应用表明：该控制系统工作稳定可靠，焊接质量较好，能够满足生产要求。     

整锻支承辊锻造新工艺应用研究

本文介绍了第一重型机械集团公司分别用FM法和KD法,以及两种锻造法联合生产70Cr3Mo钢整锻大型支承辊的工艺及生产经验。使用这些工艺能实现轧辊内部良好压实,减少锻造火次,提高锻造生产率。     

小截面送料双频电磁成形的试验研究

研究了金属熔体的小截面送料双频电磁成形过程。结果表明：屏蔽罩能够调节成形感应圈内的磁场分布，使成形感应圈内的熔体处于合理状态；两感应圈间必须保持一定距离，使预热感应圈的磁场不影响成形感应圈的磁场分布，利于成形稳定；在其他条件一定的情况下，有一适合的抽拉速度和电源功率匹配；并获得了表面质量良好的耐热不锈钢样件。     

Functionalized carbon nanotubes: properties and applications

Carbon nanotubes can be functionalized via amidation and esterification of the nanotube-bound carboxylic acids. The solubility of these functionalized carbon nanotubes makes it possible to characterize and study the properties of carbon nanotubes using solution-based techniques. Representative results concerning the solubility, dispersion, defunctionalization, and optical properties of the functionalized carbon nanotubes are presented. Several examples for the use of functionalized carbon nanotubes in the fabrication of polymeric carbon nanocomposites, the probing of nanotube-molecule interactions, and the conjugation with biological species are highlighted and discussed.     

The dynamic adsorption of benzene vapor on the ACF activated by phosphoric acid

The dynamic adsorption behaviors of benzene vapor on phosphoric acid‐activated carbon fiber (ACF‐P) were investigated by gas chromatography. The experimental results showed that ACF‐P that was activated at >350^°C, like steam‐activated carbon fiber (ACF‐W), has good dynamic adsorption properties for benzene vapor. However, the saturation adsorption capacities of ACF‐P and ACF‐W are different. The dynamic adsorption conditions apparently do not affect the effluent concentration before the breakthrough point, but do change the operation loading and usage efficiency. The adsorbed ACF‐P can be regenerated, and good dynamic adsorbability can be recovered by heating treatment. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1841–1847, 2002     

On the selection of a subgoal and the use of a priori information in learning control systems

Numerous methods have been proposed for the design of control systems which learn to function in unknown or partially known environments. Most learning schemes are radical departures from the techniques using continuous adjustment of parameters which grew out of early developments in model reference systems. Principal contributions to the area have been controller models and algorithms. In studying these models, the system is abstracted to such an extent that there is quite often a loss of contact with practical considerations. The objective of this paper is to present some results in the theory of learning control, but also to look again at some of the practical problems encountered in applying a learning controller to a problem.

This paper defines the subgoal as a subordinate to the primary goal of minimizing the performance index. It must evaluate each decision one control interval after it is instituted. The subgoal problem is to choose a subgoal which will direct the learning process to the optimal as prescribed by the given performance index. An analytical solution is presented and extended heuristically for the general case. This extended method makes use of the a priori information about the plant.

Two other problems are also discussed. A fixed grid is used to partition the state space into control situations, and a method of extending the grid is proposed and evaluated. The controller is initialized using the a priori information, too. A full scale simulation confirms that the proposed methods of choosing the subgoal, extending the fixed grid and initializing the controller are improvements over previous methods.