热水预提取对竹子APMP制浆过程木素结构变化的影响

研究了热水预提取对粉单竹APMP的白度和APMP制浆过程木素结构变化的影响。分别用FTIR和13C-NMR对热水预提取前后的原料、未漂浆和漂后浆的磨木木素的吸收峰强度进行对比分析。通过FTIR分析知,预提取后木素结构中增加的基团主要是酯羰基C=O、芳环结构、C-C、C-O、C-H苯环键、紫丁香基木素、缩合愈创木基木素以及愈创木基木素;通过13C-NMR主要分析预提取前后木素结构中紫丁香基、愈创木基的酚型和醚型的结构变化,为竹子原料的生物质精炼与高得率制浆结合提供理论参考。     

酶法和化学法制备α-亚麻酸甾醇酯的降脂活性研究

目的:探明由酶法和化学法制备的α-亚麻酸甾醇酯的降脂活性。方法:在对α-亚麻酸甾醇酯组成和品质特性测定的基础上,采用金黄色地鼠高脂模型为研究对象,以市售甾醇酯为对照,研究合成产物对动物血清和肝脏中脂质水平、抗氧化能力以及肝脏LDL受体mRNA表达水平的影响。结果:由酶法和化学法制备的α-亚麻酸甾醇酯纯度在95%以上,共轭二烯值和共轭三烯值未超过2.5mmol/kg和0.6mmol/kg,反式脂肪酸含量小于0.1%。与高脂对照相比,由α-亚麻酸甾醇酯饲喂的金黄地鼠血清中TC,TG,LDL-C和HDL-C以及肝脏中TC,TG水平显著下降,且效果显著优于市售甾醇酯;由α-亚麻酸甾醇酯饲喂的地鼠肝脏中LDL受体mRNA表达水平显著高于高脂对照组和市售甾醇酯组;甾醇酯对机体抗氧化水平均未产生显著影响。结论:酶法和化学法制备的α-亚麻酸甾醇酯组成较为一致,并且均具有显著的降脂活性,但两者没有显著差异,其降脂机制与增加肝脏中LDL受体mRNA表达水平有密切关系。     

多重PCR-液相芯片技术检测13个品系转基因玉米

为建立多重PCR-液相芯片检测13个品系的转基因玉米的方法,针对BT11,BT176,Mon810,Mon863,T25,GA21,NK603,TC1507,Mon89034,Mir162,Mon88017,MIR604和BVLA430101这13种玉米品系的侧翼序列,设计合成了品系特异性引物/探针。在生物素标记的PCR扩增产物与固定在荧光编码微球上的品系特异探针杂交后,对微球进行流式检测。试验结果显示,13种转基因玉米的引物和探针具有较高的特异性,引物/探针相互之间无交叉扩增和非特异杂交,大部分转基因玉米品系的检测灵敏度达到0.1%水平,符合欧盟和其他国家有关转基因产品标识的要求。本方法的检测效率和准确性均高于传统方法,可作为进出口转基因产品和国内转基因检测的有效方法。     

A review of kinetic models for inactivating microorganisms and enzymes by pulsed electric field processing

As a non-thermal technology, pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment can be utilized in food processing and bioengineering for the inactivation of microorganisms and quality-degrading enzymes, as well as the retention of health-related compounds and the extension of shelf-life. Development of kinetic models that fit the degree of microbial inactivation and the loss of food quality is important to improve the efficiency of PEF treatment. The current review aims to provide an overview of the kinetic models used by PEF for microbial inactivation in liquid foods. Kinetics modeling for the destruction of microorganisms, inactivation of enzymes, retention of health-related compounds, and extension of shelf-life are discussed. Additionally, the fitting accuracy of several models, as well as issues that need further investigation, are discussed to promote further understanding and the deployment of PEF technology.     

30种白酒中乳酸丙酯的发现与研究

本文研究了首次在中国白酒中发现的乳酸丙酯。在对茅台、五粮液、汾酒、古井、扳倒井、今世缘、泰山、景芝、红星、兰陵、趵突泉、衡水老白干、四特、湘山、石湾、玉林泉、玉泉、西凤、北京顺鑫19个著名白酒生产厂商的30种白酒的分析中发现,乳酸丙酯含量在0.151~3.346 mg/L范围。对乳酸丙酯的香气特征进行评价,其香气特征为酯香、似葡萄的清甜果香和奶香。采用直接进样法结合标准品定性,建立了气相色谱-质谱/选择离子扫描法分析白酒中乳酸丙酯的方法。色谱条件是:DB-FFAP毛细管柱,程序升温;内标法定量,选择乳酸甲酯作内标;乳酸丙酯,选择质荷比为m/z 45,75和117的离子进行SIM扫描;乳酸甲酯,选择质荷比为m/z 45,75,89和105的离子进行SIM扫描。结果表明:在乳酸丙酯质量浓度0.005~5.000 mg/L范围,线性回归方程y=2.6032x-0.1984,线性相关系数0.9958;检测限0.025 mg/L;定量限0.050 mg/L。     

黏均分子质量对O-羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠微球溶胀性能、稳定性及微观结构的影响

O-羧甲基壳聚糖(OCC)与海藻酸钠(SAL)形成的水凝胶微球,在肠道靶向传输过程中具有很大的应用潜力。将不同的OCC与SAL混合后滴入Ca Cl2溶液中制备微球,研究OCC黏均分子质量对OCC/SAL微球在p H 1.2,p H 6.8和p H 7.4溶液中溶胀性的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜分析微球的微观结构。结果表明:OCC黏均分子质量对OCC/SAL微球在p H 1.2溶液中的溶胀性和稳定性无显著影响,而对其在p H 6.8和p H 7.4溶液中的溶胀差异、稳定性和微观结构有重要影响,并且该影响与OCC的取代度有密切关系。当OCC取代度为0.9时,OCC的黏均分子质量对OCC/SAL水凝胶微球在不同p H条件下的溶胀性能均无显著影响,而显著影响水凝胶的稳定性。OCC的黏均分子质量越小,水凝胶在中性及弱碱性条件下的稳定性越差。当OCC取代度为0.83时微球的稳定性也有相似的变化规律,而对其在p H 6.8和p H 7.4溶液中的溶胀性有显著影响,即溶胀率随着黏均分子质量的增加而降低。当取代度为0.53时,OCC/SAL微球在p H 6.8和p H 7.4溶液中的溶胀率随着OCC黏均分子质量的增加而增加,且高黏均分子质量OCC/SAL水凝胶微球在p H 6.8和p H 7.4溶液中均未被观察到裂解,而低分子质量OCC与SAL形成的微球在p H 6.8和p H 7.4溶液中均发生了裂解。扫描电子显微镜分析表明,OCC的黏均分子质量越大,微球表面的凸起越明显,而且聚集很多纳米级的小微球。     

优化制浆生产线的新型传感器及其控制理念

研发了在制浆生产线测定纸浆中溶解木素含量的新型传感器,并提出了一种全新的控制理念。溶解木素含量测量传感器基于光学原理,可在低浓和中浓条件下在线测量纸浆中溶解木素含量。利用该传感器能提高洗涤效率,优化化学品用量。工厂实际应用试验表明,纸浆中溶解木素对总漂白负荷的贡献增至30%时,漂白段纸浆卡伯值应包括由纤浆卡伯值和滤液卡伯值(体现溶解木素含量)。与仅测量洗净纸浆卡伯值相比,将滤液贡献的卡伯值考虑在内可实现节约化学品的目的。     

碳纤维经不同温度处理后的力学性能分析

对三家不同企业生产的同规格6K碳纤维复丝分别进行200、500和800℃的高温处理,对处理前后碳纤维单丝、复丝的力学性能进行测试。结果表明:随着温度的升高,复丝表面浆料降解,复丝呈松散状态,甚至出现800℃时复丝纤维断裂现象;对碳纤维单丝来说,在200℃时美国碳纤维的强度损失最大,在500℃时东邦碳纤维的强度损失最大,在800℃时东丽碳纤维的强度损失最大,而单丝的断裂伸长率均是先降低后增加,说明不同厂家生产的同一规格碳纤维,由于原料、工艺、技术水平等的差异对碳纤维的耐高温性有显著影响;对碳纤维复丝来说,在200和500℃时,东丽碳纤维复丝的强度损失最大,而800℃时三种碳纤维复丝均出现断裂,未测试复丝力学性能。     

蒸青石榴叶茶加工关键技术的研究

为综合利用石榴资源,采用正交试验设计对蒸青石榴叶茶加工过程中影响品质的蒸汽流量、杀青时间、揉捻时间和烘二青温度进行研究。结果表明,蒸青石榴叶茶产品最佳工艺为投叶量100 kg/h,蒸汽流量120 kg/h,杀青时间50 s,揉捻时间22 min,烘二青温度(90℃,15 min),炒三青(60℃,30 min),炒干(50℃,2.5 h),其石榴叶茶外形整洁、香气浓、青臭味淡、汤色深、叶底匀,感官评分达85.62。     

Accumulative gene integration into a pre-determined site using Cre/loxP

Site-specific gene recombination systems, such as Cre/loxP, have been used for genetic modification of cells and organisms in both basic and applied research. We previously developed an accumulative gene integration system (AGIS), in which target gene cassettes could be repeatedly integrated into a pre-determined site on a plasmid or cellular genome by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE), using Cre and mutated loxPs. In the present study, we designed a simplified AGIS. For gene integration into a target site, the previous system used two loxP sites in the acceptor DNA, whereas the new system uses a single loxP site. The gene integration reactions were repeated four times in vitro using Cre protein and specific plasmids. The expected integration reactions mediated by Cre occurred at the loxP sites, resulting in integration of four target genes. The system was also used for genomic integration of reporter genes using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The reporter genes were efficiently introduced into the CHO genome in a Cre-dependent manner, and transgene expression was detected after the integration reaction. The expression levels of the reporter genes were enhanced, corresponding to the increase of transgene copy number. Recombinase-mediated AGIS provides a useful tool for the modification of cellular genomes.