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51.
van Veldhoven R.H.M. Minnis B.J. Hegt H.A. van Roermund A.H.M. 《Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of》2002,37(12):1645-1652
A quadrature fourth-order, continuous-time, /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator with 1.5-b quantizer and feedback digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) receiver chain is presented. It achieves a dynamic range of 70 dB in a 2-MHz bandwidth and the total harmonic distortion is -74 dB at full-scale input. When used in an integrated receiver for UMTS, the dynamic range of the modulator substantially reduces the need for analog automatic gain control and its tolerance of large out-of-band interference also permits the use of only first-order prefiltering. An IC including an I and Q /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator, phase-locked loop, oscillator, and bandgap dissipates 11.5 mW at 1.8 V. The active area is 0.41 mm/sup 2/ in a 0.18-/spl mu/m 1-poly 5-metal CMOS technology. 相似文献
52.
53.
Ting Gang Zhu Uttiya Chowdhury Michael M. Wong Jonathan C. Denyszyn Russell D. Dupuis 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2002,31(5):406-410
In this paper, we report the study of the electrical characteristics of GaN and AlGaN vertical p-i-n junctions and Schottky
rectifiers grown on both sapphire and SiC substrates by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. For GaN p-i-n rectifiers
grown on SiC with a relatively thin “i” region of 2 μm, a breakdown voltage over 400 V, and forward voltage as low as 4.5
V at 100 A/cm2 are exhibited for a 60-μm-diameter device. A GaN Schottky diode with a 2-μm-thick undoped layer exhibits a blocking voltage
in excess of ∼230 V at a reverse-leakage current density below 1 mA/cm2, and a forward-voltage drop of 3.5 V at a current density of 100 A/cm2. It has been found that with the same device structure and process approach, the leakage current of a device grown on a SiC
substrate is much lower than a device grown on a sapphire substrate. The use of Mg ion implantation for p-guard rings as planar-edge
terminations in mesageometry GaN Schottky rectifiers has also been studied. 相似文献
54.
JA van Dorst CJ van Heusden JM Tikkanen JP Kamerling JF Vliegenthart 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,297(3):209-227
Seven analogues of the trisaccharide beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->O)(CH 2)7CH3 have been synthesized as potential substrates for glycosyltransferases involved in the chain-termination of N-acetyllactosamine-type N-glycans. These compounds include: 3-O-methyl-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp -(1-->O) (CH2)7CH3, 3-deoxy-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 -->O) (CH2)7CH3, 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-M anp- (1-->O)(CH2)7Ch3, 3-amino-3-deoxy-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Ma np- (1-->O)(CH2)7CH3, beta-D-Gulp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-- >O)(CH2)7CH3, beta-L-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->O)(CH 2)7CH3, and alpha-L-Altp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1- ->O) (CH2)7CH3. All trisaccharides were obtained by condensation of suitably modified glycosyl donors based on imidates or thioglycosides with the same disaccharide acceptor, octyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-O-(3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside, followed by deprotection. 相似文献
55.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate two methods of assessing the productivity and quality impact of Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) and Fourth Generation Language (4GL) technologies: (1) by the retrospective method; and (2) the cross-sectional method. Both methods involve the use of questionnaire surveys. Developers' perceptions depend on the context in which they are expressed and this includes expectations about the effectiveness of a given software product. Consequently, it is generally not reliable to base inferences about the relative merits of CASE and 4GLs on a cross-sectional comparison of two separate samples of users. The retrospective method that requires each respondent to directly compare different products is shown to be more reliable. However, there may be scope to employ cross-sectional comparisons of the findings from different samples where both sets of respondents use the same reference point for their judgements, and where numerical rather than verbal rating scales are used to measure perceptions. 相似文献
56.
Jan van Eijck 《Formal Aspects of Computing》1994,6(1):766-787
Presuppositions of utterances are the pieces of information you convey with an utterance no matter whether your utterance is true or not. We first study presupposition in a very simple framework of updating propositional information, with examples of how presuppositions of complex propositional updates can be calculated. Next we move on to presuppositions and quantification, in the context of a dynamic version of predicate logic, suitably modified to allow for presupposition failure. In both the propositional and the quantificational case, presupposition failure can be viewed as error abortion of procedures. Thus, a dynamic assertion logic which describes the preconditions for error abortion is the suitable tool for analysing presupposition. 相似文献
57.
58.
59.
Robben J.; der Schueren J.Van; Verhasselt P.; Aert R.; Volckaert G. 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1995,8(2):159-165
The deletion of nine residues from the C-terminus of the bacterialchloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) results in depositionof the mutant protein in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and lossof chloramphenicol resistance in Escherichia coli. This foldingdefect is relieved by C-terminal fusion of the polypeptide withas few as two residues. Based on these observations, efficientpositive selection for the cloning of DNA fragments has beendemonstrated. The cloning vector encodes a C-terminally truncatedCAT protein. Restriction sites in front of the stop codon allowthe insertion of target DNA, resulting in the production ofproperly folded CAT fusion proteins and regained chloramphenicolresistance. The positive selection of recombinants is accomplishedby growth of transformants on chloramphenicol-containing agarplates. The method appears particularly convenient for the cloningof DNA fragments amplified by the PCR because minimal informationto restore CAT folding can be included in the primers. The cloningof random sequences shows that the folding defect can be relievedby fusion to a wide variety of peptides, providing great flexibilityto the positive selection system. This vector may also contributeto the determination of the role of the C-terminus in CAT folding. 相似文献
60.
The sharpness of separation in a gas-liquid chromatographic column is effected by longitudinal molecular diffusion, slowness to reach absorption equilibrium, and by flow irregularities in channels and across the column. The total effect of all these causes can be described by a simple equation which can be derived from the rigorous mathematical solution by introducing reasonable simplifying assumptions. 相似文献