壳聚糖-醋酸改性对小麦面筋蛋白溶解度的影响及蛋白质二级结构的分析研究

以自制的小麦面筋蛋白为原料,采用壳聚糖与醋酸共同作用改善小麦面筋蛋白的溶解性能.确定最佳工艺条件为:醋酸pH值为3、壳聚糖添加量为0.1%(占小麦面筋蛋白干基的质量,W/W)、加热温度为70℃、搅拌时间为50 min.在此奈件下,小麦面筋蛋白的溶解度由原来的0.35 g/L提高到了7.69 g/L.此外,红外光谱分析表明,在壳聚糖添加量为0.1%时,壳聚糖对面筋蛋白产生的仅仅是物理作用而不是化学接枝作用.     

MW级永磁同步电机无速度传感器矢量控制研究

针对电机实验站对永磁同步电机实验电源系统新的控制要求,研究了MW级永磁同步电机无速度传感器矢量控制方法,提出了一种基于模型参考自适应的速度辨识方法。该方法仅用q轴磁链误差信号构建自适应率辨识转速信息。首先通过Matlab仿真证明了该方法的有效性,然后进行了半直驱隐极式永磁同步风力发电机对拖实验,结果证明该方法能较好地辨识电机转速。     

基于离散单元法的人工骨材料微观结构研究

人工骨支架的孔隙率是影响体液在人工骨内部循环和细胞在内部生长能力的重要参数.利用离散单元法分析人工骨支架制备过程中羟基磷灰石微球的堆积过程,根据每一时刻各颗粒间的相互作用计算接触力,再运用牛顿第二定律计算单元的运动参数,从而实现对运动情况的预测.在颗粒的碰撞过程中,运动的颗粒必然趋于稳定,最终计算出稳定状态下人工骨支架的孔隙率和配位数.利用掺杂可溶解生物微球的方法调节人工骨支架的孔隙率和配位数,对人工骨支架孔隙率进行控制,实现了按照个体差异制备人工骨支架.对比前人晶格理论计算人工骨孔隙率的方法,验证了晶格理论的可行性,同时也体现了离散单元法的准确性.     

工业季戊四醇结晶成长速度

针对传统流化床结晶器中工业季戊四醇结晶成长速度低及产品质量和产率不稳定的问题,在新型撞击流结晶器中开展了工业季戊四醇结晶成长速度的研究实验,采用阿伦尼乌斯公式拟合了结晶器中结晶成长速度系数同温度之间的关系,将撞击流结晶器和传统流化床结晶器中工业季戊四醇结晶成长速度进行了对比.研究结果表明:撞击流结晶器中结晶成长速度系数高于流化床中结晶成长速度系数;撞击流结晶器和流化床结晶器中的结晶成长速度系数都随温度的升高而增大;实验结果支持撞击流中强烈的微观混合和压力波动促进结晶成长动力学过程的理论推测.     

Acoustic emission from gas-filled coal under triaxial compression

Acoustic emission (AE) experiments have been performed on gas-saturated coal specimens under conventional triaxial compression. The AE characteristics were investigated for a methane gas flow through the coal specimen. One AE parameter, AE count, when normalized by the total count number was used to represent the damage evolution in the gassy coal. It is shown that this AE parameter is a reasonable indicator for damage occurring within the coal specimen since its envelope has almost the same shape as the complete stress–strain curve, except for a short time delay. In addition, the change in AE count is highly consistent with the change in coal permeability. Test results also show that methane containing coal emits a small number of AE events before entering the yield stage. AE activity gradually increases during the yield process up to the peak stress. The lowest permeability corresponds to the highest AE activity, implying failure will soon occur. An AE based constitutive model was constructed and the theoretical results agree well with those of experiments.     

Water and Sediment Quality in Lakes along the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, China

Water and sediment samples were collected from 45 lakes along the middle-lower Yangtze River, China. Each lake was sampled seasonally, over a period of one year. Water quality variables and metals in sediments were measured. Lakes along the lowest part of the river, within the Yangtze River Delta, had highest nutrient concentrations and were eutrophic or hypereutrophic. Lakes displayed a gradient in many water chemistry variables, from the middle to the lower Yangtze River. Lakes of the Delta region had the highest conductivity, sulfate, turbidity, and Chl-a values, and the lowest dissolved oxygen concentrations. A number of lakes near urban areas in the study region also displayed similar conditions. Lakes polluted by heavy metals were found in the upper part of the lower Yangtze River and had high Cu, Cr, and Co concentrations in sediments. The mean I_geo (index of geoaccumulation) values for Cu, Cr, and Co classes ranged from 0 to 4, indicating moderate to heavy contamination, contributed mainly from untreated industrial waste water produced within the lake catchments. Lakes of the middle Yangtze River are generally in relatively better condition, except for those around urban zones, which experience higher nutrient and heavy metal loading. The spatial distribution of lake conditions in the area can be related to the policy of regional economic development. The Delta region in China is developed and includes such cities as Shanghai and Suzhou. Heavy industries have moved into the interior region of China too, and development of modern cities is now occurring under some level of environmental protection. Nevertheless, lakes in the central part are becoming seriously polluted with both heavy metals and nutrients because local authorities promote industrialization and urbanization to improve economic conditions, while often ignoring environmental protection. Pollution is increasingly occurring in upstream reaches, a tendency that will bring more environmental problems. Interior lakes of China require immediate attention to prevent further declines in water quality.     

淤泥对平面钢闸门启门力影响的计算方法

基于理论和实际工程资料分析,提出了一个泥沙淤积对平面钢闸门启门力影响的计算公式。其中将门前淤泥考虑为由粗细颗粒组成的宾汉体泥浆,并将淤泥对闸门的附着力考虑为两部分:一部分是粗颗粒与闸门之间的碰触和相对滑动产生的摩擦力;另一部分是细颗粒之间的絮凝作用提供的极限剪切力。同时公式中还考虑了门顶和梁格中附带泥沙的重量、下吸力、行走支承的摩擦力、止水摩擦力对闸门启门力的影响。通过与夏毓常的计算公式和天津宁车沽防潮闸的实测数据进行对比分析得出:本文给出的公式在计算门前有泥沙淤积情况下的启门力时,其计算精度能够满足工程实际需要。     

Development of a compact filament-discharge multi-cusp H- ion source

A 14 MeV medical cyclotron with the external ion source has been designed and is being constructed at China Institute of Atomic Energy. The H(-) ion will be accelerated by this machine and the proton beam will be extracted by carbon strippers in dual opposite direction. The compact multi-cusp H(-) ion source has been developed for the cyclotron. The 79.5 mm long ion source is 48 mm in diameter, which is consisting of a special shape filament, ten columns of permanent magnets providing a multi-cusp field, and a three-electrode extraction system. So far, the 3 mA∕25 keV H(-) beam with an emittance of 0.3 π mm mrad has been obtained from the ion source. The paper gives the design details and the beam test results. Further experimental study is under way and an extracted beam of 5 mA is expected.     

Influence of photoperiod on carbon dioxide and methane emissions from two pilot-scale stabilization ponds

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO(2), CH(4)) from pilot-scale algal and duckweed-based ponds (ABP and DBP) were measured using the static chamber methodology. Daylight and nocturnal variations of GHG and wastewater characteristics (e.g. chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH) were determined via sampling campaigns during midday (12:30-15:30) and midnight (00:30-03:30) periods. The results showed that under daylight conditions in ABP median emissions were -232 mg CO(2) m(-2) d(-1) and 9.9 mg CH(4) m(-2) d(-1), and in DBP median emissions were -1,654.5 mg CO(2) m(-2) d(-1) and 71.4 mg CH(4) m(-2) d(-1), respectively. During nocturnal conditions ABP median emissions were 3,949.9 mg CO(2) m(-2) d(-1), 12.7 mg CH(4) m(-2) d(-1), and DBP median emissions were 5,116 mg CO(2) m(-2) d(-1), 195.2 mg CH(4) m(-2) d(-1), respectively. Once data measured during daylight were averaged together with nocturnal data the median emissions for ABP were 1,566.8 mg CO(2) m(-2) d(-1) and 72.1 mg CH(4) m(-2) d(-1), whilst for DBP they were 3,016.9 mg CO(2) m(-2) d(-) and 178.9 mg CH(4) m(-2) d(-1), respectively. These figures suggest that there were significant differences between CO(2) emissions measured during daylight and nocturnal periods (p < 0.05). This shows a sink-like behaviour for both ABP and DBP in the presence of solar light, which indicates the influence of photosynthesis in CO(2) emissions. On the other hand, the fluxes of CH(4) indicated that DBP and ABP behave as net sources of CH(4) during day and night, although higher emissions were observed from DBP. Overall, according to the compound average (daylight and nocturnal emissions) both ABP and DBP systems might be considered as net sources of GHG.     

基于FPGA的AVS视频解码芯片验证平台设计

针对AVS视频解码芯片仿真和验证的要求,提出了基于FPGA的验证平台框架。该验证平台主要用于对AVS解码芯片进行硬件模块的验证,从而为整个视频解码芯片的开发提供可靠的依据。该平台基于Nios II软核处理器,可使软件模块和硬件模块在一个平台下真正实现软硬件协同工作。基于该平台实现了多个硬件模块和AVS视频解码芯片的验证,其结果证明了该验证平台的正确性和可靠性。