一体化复合式膜生物反应器除磷研究

本文通过对比实验，研究了不同工艺组合条件下一体化复合式膜生物反应器（HCMBR）的除磷效果，研究表明，在无厌氧段的情况下，反应器内保持好氧状态的同时，填料内部存在厌氧环境，TP的去除率为22％，在有厌氧段（A／O）的情况下，TP的去除率可达70％，采用化学方法时，TP去除率可达82．1％，但过高的n(Al^3 )/n(TP)值将会影响污泥的活性，并且HCMBR对NH3－N，CODCr,TN等污染物有十分良好的去除效果。     

预测控制约束边界效应与解决方法研究

约束预测控制（Constrained model predictive control,CMPC）中,因约束的存在,优化过程中最优控制作用可能会在可行域的边界取值,也就是说会 有一个或多个变量饱和,即约束边界效应. 而过程控制中操纵变量饱和是我们不希望出现的. 对此,首先基于稳态模型,对期望值位于可行域内时最优解必在期望值处达到给出证明;同时证明了期望值在可行域外时最优解可转化为期望值到可行域的投影. 其次,针对变量在动态及稳态过程中饱和的情况提出了改善控制性能的措施——调整目标函数;终端约束的加入,为预测控制系统稳定性提供了保障. 通过对包含约束的连续搅拌釜式反应器（Continuous stirred tank reactor,CSTR）系统进行仿真实验,验证了所提方法的正确性,并说明了对目标函数进行适当调整,可有效改善系统的控制性能.     

Electrodeposition of Ni-transition alloys for the oxygen evolution reaction

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the anodic reaction in several industrial electrolytic processes. The objective of this work was to develop a new electrocatalytic material for long-lasting and economical high performance electrodes. New electrodes were prepared by electrodeposition of nickel, nickel-ruthenium and nickel-iridium alloys. They were then activated by anodic polarization at 100 mA cm^–2 to form an oxide layer. The electrocatalytic activity was characterized for the OER in 5M KOH solution. The results show that nickel-iridium alloys provide greater electrocatalytic activity for the OER and better corrosion resistance than nickel-ruthenium in alkaline solution. The effects of transition elements on improving the performance of the nickel electrode are then discussed.Notation b Tafel slope - i _ex exchange current density - i _dp electrodeposition current density - i _OER oxygen evolution reaction current density - C _dl double-layer capacity - o₂ oxygen overpotential     

连续浊点法快速测定含盐水溶液的固液平衡

建立一套连续浊点法快速测定含盐水溶液固液平衡的实验方法和装置，不同温度下二元和三元体系的实验值与文献值比较，表明该方法所测数据是可靠的。在此基础上测定了２９８．１５～３２３．１５Ｋ下三元体系ＮＨ４ＣｌＫＣｌＨ２Ｏ的固液平衡数据，并同作者开发的电解质溶液相平衡软件包ＰＨＥＥＳ的预测值作了比较，得到了较为满意的结果     

Local orders,lattice distortions,and electronic structure dominated mechanical properties of (ZrHfTaM1M2)C (M = Nb,Ti, V)

High-entropy carbides (HECs) are regarded as potential candidate structural materials with attractive mechanical properties due to their ultra-high hardness. It is essential to reveal the atomic and electronic basis for strengthening mechanism in order to develop the advanced HECs. In the present work, C (M = Nb, Ti, V) are selected as case studies. The effects of transition metals (M) on the lattice parameters, bulk modulus, enthalpy of formation, electron work function (EWF), and bonding morphology/strength of HECs are comprehensively studied by first-principles calculations. It is found that the lattice parameters, equilibrium volumes, and bulk modulus of HECs are improved with the increase of M atomic volumes. The atomic-size differences among various groups of elements not only result in the lattice mismatch/distortion but also contribute to the formation of weak spots. In the view of bonding charge density, the electron redistributions caused by the coupling effect of the lattice distortion and valance electron differences can be revealed obviously, which identify the different bonding strength. Moreover, in terms of EWF, the proposed power-law-scaled hardness of HECs is validated and matches well with those reported theoretical and experimental results, providing a strategy to design advanced HECs with excellent mechanical properties.     

SnO催化、无中和水洗合成DOP的研究

以氧化亚锡 (SnO)作催化剂 ,苯酐和辛醇 (2 乙基己醇 )酯化反应合成邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 (DOP) ,省却中和水洗和汽提工序 ,其最佳工艺条件为 :酯化温度 2 10～ 2 2 0℃ ,催化剂加入量 0 .8% ,过量醇含量 18% ,脱醇真空度为 2 0kPa (绝压 ) ,脱醇温度为 160℃ ,活性炭加入量为 1‰ ,产品质量达到优级品。     

B_2O_3和CaF_2对C_3S-C_(2.75)B_(1.25)A_3-C_2S-C_3A水泥熟料矿物体系力学性能影响

研究了B2O3和CaF2对C3S-C2.75B1.25A3S珚-C2S-C3A熟料矿物体系的组成、结构与力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:在该熟料体系中C3S,C2.75B1.25A3S珔,C2S和C3A的适宜含量分别为50%,10%,25%和15%,B2O3和CaF2的适宜掺量为2%和1.5%。在最佳组成和制备工艺条件下,合成的阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的1d,3d和28d抗压强度分别达到18MPa,48MPa和95MPa以上,展现了良好的早期力学性能。同时,掺加CaF2能有效降低熟料中游离氧化钙的含量,促进阿利特在低温条件下形成。利用SEM-EDS,XRD等测试手段对熟料的组成、结构及性能进行了分析。     

混凝土构件的涂装保护

分析了自然环境对混凝土构件的影响，简述了混凝土构件涂装对防腐蚀涂料的要求及常规涂装保护措施。     

用D_2EHPA-煤油溶剂萃取分离L-异亮氨酸

本文研究了从发酵液中用D2EHPA－煤油溶剂萃取分离L－异亮氨酸工艺．考察了萃取时pH值、萃取剂浓度和异亮氨酸浓度对于异亮氨酸和缬氨酸的萃取分配比的影响．在计算机上进行回归，得到以下分配模型：当1≤pH≤3．5时lgDIle＝0．09906pH2＋0．8625pH＋2．2696lgCHR－0．09188lg2CIle＋0．1766lgCIle－1．366lgDrmVal＝－0．0293pH2＋0．550pH＋1．2659lgCHR－0．2420lg2CIle＋0．4549lgCIle－1．696用此模型，应用分馏萃取理论，进行逐级计算，求取了萃取工艺的主要参数，并在φ20mm的多级离心萃取器上对上述结果进行了验证．结果表明：当CHR浓度为1．5mol／L，相比V：L：L’＝2：1：2，N’＝3，N＝6时，异亮氨酸的收率达到90％以上，纯度＞99％．实验取得了较为满意的结果．     

Preparation of ketoprofen‐loaded high‐molecular‐weight poly(vinyl alcohol) gels

High‐molecular‐weight atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (a‐PVA) gels loaded with (R,S)‐2‐(3‐benzoylphenyl)propionic acid (ketoprofen) were prepared from 5, 6, 7, and 8 g/dL solutions of a‐PVA with a number‐average degree of polymerization of 4000 in an ethylene glycol/water mixture with an aging method to identify the effect of the initial polymer concentration on the swelling behavior, morphology, and thermal properties of a‐PVA gels. Then, the release behavior of ketoprofen from a‐PVA gels was investigated. As the polymer concentration decreased, the ability for network formation decreased, and the degree of swelling of the a‐PVA gels increased. In addition, the enthalpy increased with an increase in the a‐PVA concentration, but the melting temperatures of the gels prepared at different initial polymer concentrations were the same; this indicated that tighter gel networks would be formed by a higher polymer chain density. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007