Fabrication of dense nano-laminated tungsten carbide materials doped with Cr3C2/VC through two-step sintering

This work investigates the critical roles of two-step sintering (TSS) and laminated structure on the sintering behavior and mechanical properties of functionally graded WC-TiC-Al₂O₃ nanostructured composite materials doped with Cr₃C₂/VC. Results show that excellent mechanical properties are achieved for tailored TSS conditions with a hardness of 27.91?±?2.3?GPa and a flexural strength of 1423.3?±?23.5?MPa. The desirable mechanical properties are attributed to the suppressed grain growth without densification deterioration. TSS is more effective in facilitating the favorable dispersion of secondary phase toughening nano-particulates in a WC matrix than conventional sintering (CS). Cr₃C₂/VC dopant plays an important role in maximizing and shifting the temperature range of the kinetic window for WC-Al₂O₃ composites. Al₂O₃ crack deflection, transgranular Al₂O₃, microcracking, WC crack bridging and plate-like WC crack deflection are the major toughening mechanisms. Residual surface compressive stress induced by the graded structure is also an appreciated contribution to the improvement of mechanical properties.     

Transparent niobate glass-ceramics for optical limiting

The construction of nonlinear optical materials featuring asymmetric transmission of light is of great technological importance for various applications, including optical switching and optical power limiting. A significant challenge is the scalable fabrication of material candidates with good photochemical stability, high optical transmittance, and excellent optical limiting performance. Here, we present a nanocrystallization avenue for constructing hybrid optical limiting materials that exhibit ultrafast and robust optical limiting performance. The experimental results show that the controllable relaxation of a niobate glass may lead to the clustering of Nb-O units and contracting of the bandgap. It results in the notable improvement in nonlinear optical properties, including the enhanced saturation irradiance (380 GW/cm²), doubly increased nonlinear coefficient, and decreased limiting threshold (200 GW/cm²). Our results suggest a promising material that exhibits promising applications for protecting eyes and sensitive components from laser-induced damage.     

Effect of an abrupt change in pulling rate on microstructures of directionally solidified Al2O3-Er3Al5O12 eutectic and off-eutectic composite ceramics

Directionally solidified microstructures of Al₂O₃-Er₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectic and off-eutectic in situ composite ceramics were explored under abrupt-change pulling rate conditions. Corresponding temperature distributions and interface locations were studied. In eutectic composition, fluctuation of eutectic spacing occurred when the pulling rate increased abruptly. A gradually increase or abrupt increase in eutectic spacing was observed when the pulling rate decreased abruptly. In hypoeutectic and hypereutectic compositions, formation of the primary phases were suppressed when the pulling rate increased abruptly from 10?µm/s to 100?µm/s, while primary phases precipitated when the pulling rate decreased abruptly from 100?µm/s to 10?µm/s. The interface altitude decreased after the pulling rate increased abruptly, but increased after the pulling rate decreased abruptly. The liquid composition restriction (around the eutectic composition) at the eutectic interface plays an important role in the suppression of the primary dendrite and coupled eutectic oxides can be obtained in off-eutectic compositions even under higher solidification rate conditions.     

PCB废水总氮处理达标的工艺探讨

对PCB废水总氮的处理,从源头削减、分质收集、分质预处理到末端处理提出了多种方法,着重分析了MAP+管式微滤膜处理氨氮废水、多级组合式RO处理硝态氮废水和A2O+MBR处理综合废水,提出PCB废水总氮达标的组合工艺,项目建成后达到预期效果。     

太赫兹超表面计算全息

全息术是一种三维成像技术,它已经被应用于多种实际场景。随着计算机科学与技术的迅猛发展,计算全息由于其方便和灵活的特性,已经成为一种广泛应用的全息成像方法。本文回顾了我们近期基于超表面的太赫兹计算全息研究进展。其中,作为全息板的超表面展示出了超越传统光学器件的独特性能。首先,利用超表面实现了对于全息板每个像素的相位振幅同时且独立的调控,进而实现了高质量全息成像。这种新的电磁波操控能力也带来了新的全息成像效果,如利用介质超表面实现了全息像沿传播方向上的连续变化。其次,对超表面在不同偏振态下的响应进行设计,分别实现了线偏振态与频率复用、圆偏振态复用、以及基于表面波的偏振复用超表面全息术。此外,本文提出了依赖于温度变化而主动可控的超表面全息术,为今后计算全息术的设计与实现提供了新的方案,也推动了超表面在实际应用方面的发展。     

Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene by Molecular Cu‐Complex Immobilized on Graphitized Mesoporous Carbon

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to hydrocarbons is a challenging task because of the issues in controlling the efficiency and selectivity of the products. Among the various transition metals, copper has attracted attention as it yields more reduced and C2 products even while using mononuclear copper center as catalysts. In addition, it is found that reversible formation of copper nanoparticle acts as the real catalytically active site for the conversion of CO₂ to reduced products. Here, it is demonstrated that the dinuclear molecular copper complex immobilized over graphitized mesoporous carbon can act as catalysts for the conversion of CO₂ to hydrocarbons (methane and ethylene) up to 60%. Interestingly, high selectivity toward C2 product (40% faradaic efficiency) is achieved by a molecular complex based hybrid material from CO₂ in 0.1 m KCl. In addition, the role of local pH, porous structure, and carbon support in limiting the mass transport to achieve the highly reduced products is demonstrated. Although the spectroscopic analysis of the catalysts exhibits molecular nature of the complex after 2 h bulk electrolysis, morphological study reveals that the newly generated copper cluster is the real active site during the catalytic reactions.