厦门市供水产销差率控制分析

供水管网产销差率是反映供水企业管理水平和运行效益的重要指标.介绍了供水产销差率的定义和分类,结合厦门水务集团近几年供水产销差率现状,分析了控制产销差率措施的效果.     

Digital Yellow River Model

Soil erosion is one of the key concerns in land use management for the Loess Plateau of the Yellow River, where serious soil loss is the root cause of environmental and ecological degradation of the basin. In this paper, a physically-based, distributed-parameter, and continuous erosion prediction model at the river basin scale was developed with the aim of assisting in developing better land use management strategies. The framework, the major supporting techniques, and the typical erosion processes are described. The physical processes of sediment yield and transport in the Loess Plateau are divided into three sub-processes, including the runoff and sediment yield on hillslopes, gravitational erosion in gullies, and hyperconcentrated flow routing in channels. For each sub-process, a physically-based simulation model was developed and embedded into the whole model system. The model system was applied to simulate the runoff and sediment yield in several typical years in the coarse sediment source area of the Loess Plateau, and the simulated results were in reasonably good agreement with the measured values.     

深水钻井液体系中气体水合物的形成研究

近年来海洋石油勘探逐步向深水区域发展,由于水深问题带来的各种复杂情况给钻、完井带来了更为严峻的挑战。目前国内深水钻井液领域的研究尚属起步阶段,实验手段缺乏。结合相关的模拟实验对海洋所使用的钻井液体系气体水合物的生成情况进行了详细地研究,得出了抑制水合物形成的方法,即通过现场调节钻井液的密度来控制井筒中的压力;改变钻井液体系的冰点,使其自身的冰点尽可能低,这样就可以有效地避免深海钻进过程中气体水合物的生成。通过室内实验及分析,对海洋深水钻井液的发展提供一些借鉴。     

对新闻专业主义“现实性”的思考

新闻专业主义在西方拥有很大的理论市场,但这一理念所具有的理想主义色彩也不容忽视。多年来,新闻专业主义在其发展过程中不断受到严峻的现实挑战。本文分析了新闻媒体新闻专业主义缺失的深层原因,认为政治权力和市场机制等制度性框缚是新闻专业主义难以发挥其预期效果的根源所在。同时指出,新闻专业主义并非新闻改革的唯一出路。     

Application of precedent type analysis (PTA) in the construction of Ertan hydro-electric station, China

Precedent type analysis (PTA) emerged in China in the 1980s. It is a principle and method used for rapid analysis and prediction of rock stability in tunnelling projects. In this paper, PTA is formally defined and emphasis is placed on the application of PTA to the assessment of designs for diversion tunnels at the Ertan hydro-electric station. It compares PTA with the conventional analysis of rock mechanics; it also contrasts their applications and conclusions.     

MTC技术在百色盆地林逢稠油热采井的研究与应用

针对林逢稠油热采井的地质特点和对固井质量的要求开发了早期强度高,低渗透,微膨胀,抗高温和流变性好的MTC矿渣泥浆固化液,并分析了矿渣泥浆固化液技术的固化机理及特点。结果表明,MTC水泥浆具有低温防水侵,强度发展迅速,固化体耐高温的特性。MTC技术实用性强,施工简单,水泥浆体系流变性好,密度易于控制,它与钻井液有良好的相容性,提高了林逢稠油热采井的固井质量。     

皮革加油原理及注意事项

本文从乳液出发，阐述乳液形成，稳定，破乳以及皮革加油过程。要求使用最少的油剂达到最佳的目的。     

Determination of material parameters from regions close to the collector using electron beam-induced current

The conventional method of extracting the minority carrier diffusion length using the electron beam-induced current (EBIC) technique requires that the electron beam be placed at region more than two diffusion lengths away from the collector. The EBIC signals obtained under this condition usually has low signal to noise ratio. In addition, the true diffusion length of the sample is initially unknown and hence it is difficult to estimate how close the beam can be placed from the collector. To overcome all these difficulties, a new method of extracting minority carrier diffusion length from the EBIC signal is proposed. It is shown that this method can be applied to EBIC signals obtained from regions close to the collector. It is also shown that the surface recombination velocity of the sample can also be obtained using this method. This theory is verified using EBIC data generated from a device simulation software.