Super‐Absorbent Polymer Valves and Colorimetric Chemistries for Time‐Sequenced Discrete Sampling and Chloride Analysis of Sweat via Skin‐Mounted Soft Microfluidics

This paper introduces super absorbent polymer valves and colorimetric sensing reagents as enabling components of soft, skin‐mounted microfluidic devices designed to capture, store, and chemically analyze sweat released from eccrine glands. The valving technology enables robust means for guiding the flow of sweat from an inlet location into a collection of isolated reservoirs, in a well‐defined sequence. Analysis in these reservoirs involves a color responsive indicator of chloride concentration with a formulation tailored to offer stable operation with sensitivity optimized for the relevant physiological range. Evaluations on human subjects with comparisons against ex situ analysis illustrate the practical utility of these advances.     

氧化石墨烯有序排列对碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料低温性能影响

为了提高碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料在低温(77 K)循环条件下的微裂纹抗性,文中采用共沉淀法制备了具有良好顺磁性的四氧化三铁/氧化石墨烯(Fe_3O_4/GO),采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段研究了Fe_3O_4/GO在环氧树脂基体中的有序排列对环氧树脂及碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料低温性能的影响。结果表明,Fe_3O_4/GO的有序排列可有效提高环氧树脂基体的低温力学性能及降低环氧树脂基体的热膨胀系数,并可明显改善碳纤维增强环氧树脂(CF/EP)复合材料的低温微裂纹抗性;相对于纯环氧树脂,改性环氧树脂的热膨胀系数和低温环境下的微裂纹密度分别降低了36.5%和37.5%。     

含磷本质阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备及性能

以苯基膦酰二氯(BPOD)和乙二醇(EG)为原料合成含磷长链二元醇(P-polyol),用于制备含磷本质阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(RPUF),研究了P-polyol对聚氨酯泡沫塑料性能的影响。结果表明,使用P-polyol制备的聚氨酯泡沫,含磷量为1.82%时,极限氧指数达到24.7%;微型燃烧量热仪(MCC)测试显示,燃烧过程的热释放容量、总热释放量和热释放峰值均有所下降。热重分析(TGA)结果显示,在氮气中热分解后700℃的残炭量为22.6%,在空气中热氧化分解后700℃的残炭量为17.0%,较纯RPUF均提高了1倍以上。阻燃后聚氨酯泡沫的压缩强度比空白组提高了130%,并保持了原有的冲击强度,这一优点是众多添加型阻燃剂难以实现的。     

Exceptional High‐Performance of Pt‐Based Bimetallic Catalysts for Exclusive Detection of Exhaled Biomarkers

Achieving an improved understanding of catalyst properties, with ability to predict new catalytic materials, is key to overcoming the inherent limitations of metal oxide based gas sensors associated with rather low sensitivity and selectivity, particularly under highly humid conditions. This study introduces newly designed bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) employing bimetallic Pt‐based NPs (PtM, where M = Pd, Rh, and Ni) via a protein encapsulating route supported on mesoporous WO₃ nanofibers. These structures demonstrate unprecedented sensing performance for detecting target biomarkers (even at p.p.b. levels) in highly humid exhaled breath. Sensor arrays are further employed to enable pattern recognition capable of discriminating between simulated biomarkers and controlled breath. The results provide a new class of multicomponent catalytic materials, demonstrating potential for achieving reliable breath analysis sensing.     

Load Distribution in Meshing Process of Micro-segment Gears

Forschung im Ingenieurwesen - In this paper, a precise transverse micro-segment tooth profile is established. Subsequently, a load distribution model of micro-segment gears is...     

Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Nanoassemblies: Generation,Amplification, and Application

Currently, the development of circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials has drawn extensive attention due to the numerous potential applications in optical data storage, displays, backlights in 3D displays, and so on. While the fabrication of CPL-active materials generally requires chiral luminescent molecules, the introduction of the “self-assembly” concept offers a new perspective in obtaining the CPL-active materials. Following this approach, various self-assembled materials, including organic-, inorganic-, and hybrid systems can be endowed with CPL properties. Benefiting from the advantages of self-assembly, not only chiral molecules, but also achiral species, as well as inorganic nanoparticles have potential to be self-assembled into chiral nanoassemblies showing CPL activity. In addition, the dissymmetry factor, an important parameter of CPL materials, can be enhanced through various pathways of self-assembly. Here, the present status and progress of self-assembled nanomaterials with CPL activity are reviewed. An overview of the key factors in regulating chiral emission materials at the supramolecular level will largely boost their application in multidisciplinary fields.     

Epitaxially Strained CeO2/Mn3O4 Nanocrystals as an Enhanced Antioxidant for Radioprotection

Nanomaterials with antioxidant properties are promising for treating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related diseases. However, maintaining efficacy at low doses to minimize toxicity is a critical for clinical applications. Tuning the surface strain of metallic nanoparticles can enhance catalytic reactivity, which has rarely been demonstrated in metal oxide nanomaterials. Here, it is shown that inducing surface strains of CeO₂/Mn₃O₄ nanocrystals produces highly catalytic antioxidants that can protect tissue-resident stem cells from irradiation-induced ROS damage. Manganese ions deposited on the surface of cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanocrystals form strained layers of manganese oxide (Mn₃O₄) islands, increasing the number of oxygen vacancies. CeO₂/Mn₃O₄ nanocrystals show better catalytic activity than CeO₂ or Mn₃O₄ alone and can protect the regenerative capabilities of intestinal stem cells in an organoid model after a lethal dose of irradiation. A small amount of the nanocrystals prevents acute radiation syndrome and increases the survival rate of mice treated with a lethal dose of total body irradiation.     

Defect-Detection Model for Underground Parking Lots Using Image Object-Detection Method

The demand for defect diagnoses is gradually gaining ground owing to the growing necessity to implement safe inspection methods to ensure the durability and quality of structures. However, conventional manpower-based inspection methods not only incur considerable cost and time, but also cause frequent disputes regarding defects owing to poor inspections. Therefore, the demand for an effective and efficient defect-diagnosis model for concrete structures is imminent, as the reduction in maintenance costs is significant from a long-term perspective. Thus, this paper proposes a deep learning-based image object-identification method to detect the defects of paint peeling, leakage peeling, and leakage traces that mostly occur in underground parking lots made of concrete structures. The deep learning-based object-detection method can replace conventional visual inspection methods. A faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) model was used with a training dataset of 6,281 images that utilized a region proposal network to objectively localize the regions of interest and detect the surface defects. The defects were classified according to their type, and the learning of each exclusive model was ensured through test sets obtained from real underground parking lots. As a result, average precision scores of 37.76%, 36.42%, and 61.29% were obtained for paint peeling, leakage peeling, and leakage trace defects, respectively. Thus, this study verified the performance of the faster RCNN-based defect-detection algorithm along with its applicability to underground parking lots.     

Cellulose film with air barrier and moisture-conducting character fabricated by NMMO

The use of natural polymer to prepare degradable films is a sustainable production concept that can improve resource utilization and reduce the environmental pollution caused by traditional packaging waste or another field. Here, a regenerated cellulose film was prepared through the N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) cellulose system. The most important advantage of the developed film is that it has air barrier and moisture conduction character, because the surface of films is dense and does not allow small molecules like oxygen to pass through, but water molecules can move freely in the film by means of hydrogen bonds. This shows that the cellulose film has applications in textiles, food preservation, medicine and other fields. Significantly, the film has good tensile strength (maximum strength reaches 149.5 MPa) and light transmittance (more than 80% at 600 nm). Moreover, the effect of coagulation bath concentration, temperature and the content of glycerin on film strength was discussed.