Variation in light scattering and water-holding capacity along the porcine Longissimus dorsi muscle

The meat quality of M. longissimus muscle was evaluated in 851 pigs by using the Fibre Optic Probe (FOP) at three sites in the muscle and in both halves of the carcass. A systematic difference between sites was found, with the lowest light scattering (indicating the best meat quality) in the mid-part of the muscle and higher light scattering in the anterior and posterior parts. A non-systematic variation was also observed, with the opposite pattern in some animals, even though it was not frequent. A negative influence of the shackling was found, yielding higher FOP values in the shackled half.

Drip loss measurements in the Longissimus muscle, taken from another 100 pig carcasses, were evaluated using three methods. Drip loss, too, showed a considerable variation along the Longissimus muscle, with minimum losses around the last rib. Repeatability estimates, calculated from two non-consecutive pieces of the Longissimus dorsi muscle from each carcass, varied from 0·4 when keeping samples vacuum packed for 2 days, to 0·5 when the samples were either kept in plain plastic bags for 2 days or in a meat container with a squared inset for 1 or 2 days.     

铝电解工须知(5)

六) 打壳经过一定时间就需要打壳的原因我们知道得很清楚。下面列举出这些原因和打壳作业对操作的影响。打壳的原因如下: 1.使氧化铝加入到电解槽中去;     

低变质程度煤液化效果的同位素监测

通过在1升的带搅拌的高压釜中使煤的重量浓度从0依次增加到2~(7％)的一系列实验,研究了Vesta次烟煤对Athabasca抽提后沥青(切除了低于350℃馏份)共处理的效果。将Vesta煤与沥青(3.94‰)之间存在的~(13)C/~(12)C比例的差别用作天然同位素示踪,以监测煤和沥青进入每一种合成液体馏份中的比率。通过比较同位素测得的产品中来自煤的比率表明:煤进入到馏出物、甲苯可溶物、甲苯不溶物的比例随掺入的煤量的增加而逐渐增加。煤的重量百分比从15％增加到2~(6％),结果甲苯不溶物增加了三倍。相应地,沥青进入到合成液体中的碳的比例也随煤的浓度而变化。比较沥青加氢处理与共处理中同位素测得的产品量表明:煤的浓度从4％增加到8％,馏出物的量增加14—17％,而甲苯可溶物相应地减少32—49％。煤的浓度为15—26％时,共处理中单独由沥青提供的馏出物无明显增加,而沥青提供的甲苯不溶物的碳的比例从0.9％增加到5.0％。这些结果表明:由5—10％的煤组成的煤-沥青混合物共处理,能够促进沥青馏出物的生成。     

Fluor SOx净化工艺--为俄罗斯绿色环境开发的将SO2转化为元素硫的经济技术

Fluor公司开发的Fluor SO_2净化工艺具有广泛多样的工艺布局,可以通过经济的方式定制脱除烟气中的有害组成。该工艺几乎能去除全部SO_2并减少CO排放。Fluor SO_x净化工艺的主要步骤已在多套工业装置中得到成功的证实。除技术可行、经济合理之外,Fluor SO_x净化工艺不会产生任何有害副产物,也不会遇到与SO_3 有关的腐蚀问题。此外,该工艺生产高纯度可市售的元素硫。论述了Fluor SO_x净化工艺的特征、技术和成本优势、设计和操作的简易性以及实施的便利性。     

离心过滤

<正> 一、滤饼在离心力场中内渗透性的测定当滤饼在离心力场作用下,滤饼要经受相当大的压实作用。因而用通常的真空技术所测得的滤饼渗透性,用在离心过滤中,其适用性较差。因为滤饼的渗透性与滤饼孔隙率的三次方成正比,所以对于离心过滤,要求在所使用的离心力场中进行滤饼渗透性的测定。     

准确计算摩擦系数

介绍一种非常准确的摩擦系数计算公式,它可以直接求解,而不用通常的试差法。     

DESENSITIZING EFFECT OF ISOMERIC METALLORGANIC PALLADIUM (II) COMPOUNDS WITH THIOSEMICA-RBAZIDE ON THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF SILVER HALIDE PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS

Some chemical compounds can be used in the chemical photographic development process of silver halide panchromatic motion picture materials to decrease their sensitivity upon exposure whereby their development is possible at relatively bright illumination. Such compounds can be the organic compounds of o-elements with complanar structure. It was observed, in particular, the pronounced desensitizing effect of bis (thiosemicarbazido) palladium (Ⅱ) dichloride of the formula:     

盐水杂质对隔膜氯碱电槽性能的影响

具有沉积石棉隔膜的实验电槽使用不纯盐水来研究硬度对电槽性能的影响。氢氧化钠在隔膜中的浓度分布状态是由扩散、迁移和湍流三种因素来确定的;应该指出的是:在隔膜电槽的操作条件下,迁移流比扩散流要大得多。生产氯气和纯净烧碱用汞齐法水银电槽是最好的生产方法。可是,目前几乎没有再听到汞齐法水银新电槽的建设,尤其是日本,由于汞法污染环境的关系,倒是有许多水银电槽工厂正在转化为隔膜电槽,估计当今世界的硬度。