EFFECT OF AGING ON HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STEEL Cr21Ni6Mn9N

Effects of 650℃ aging for 1—1000 h on structure and hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility(HES)of steel Cr21Ni6Mn9N have been investigated.The results show that M_(23)C_6 typecarbide precipitates at grain boundaries and Cr-depletive region appears beside them duringaging.The precipitates grow and connect each other as the aging time prolongs.Meanwhile,the degree of Cr-depletion aggravates first and then recovers gradually while the aging time isvery long,i.e.,1000 h.The HES of the steel increases with increasing aging time but does notreduce with the recovery of Cr content at the Cr-depletive region.That implies that the ex-isting of carbides at grain boundaries might be the main reason which promotes the HES ofsteel during aging.     

THERMODYNAMICS OF BAINITIC TRANSFORMATION IN Cu-24 at.-% Al ALLOY

Two driving forces △G~((β_1)+α')and △G~(β_1→β_2+α)for the bainitic transformation have been calcu-lated for Cu-24 at.-% Al alloy.Results reveal △G~(β_1→α')>0 within the transformation tem-perature range 600—750 K.Therefore,the bainitic transformation cannot be initiated by theβ_1→α' shearing mechanism.On the other hand,the driving force △G~(β_1→β_2+α)to produce 5% ofthe α becomes negative only when the composition of the α satisfiesx_(Al)~α≤0.204 at 700 K or x_(Al)~α=0.209 at 750 K.So the bainitic transformation can only proceedby β_1→β_2+α diffusional reaction with different diffusion amount at different temperatures.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND REVERSE SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT IN A Cu-Zn-Al ALLOY

The bainite structure in a Cu-Zn-A1 alloy related to the reverse shape memory effect hasbeen observed by means of TEM.The reverse memory effect may be improved by up to oneorder of magnitude under applied constraint stress.The widespread propagation of bainite wasconfirmed to be the diffusion controlled shear process by the parabolic configuration of sideinterface of bainite plate and the twisting of intersected bainite plates.     

STUDY ON THE VARIATION MECHANISM OF CARBON CONTENT OF LIQUID IRON IN MELTING GASIFIER

This paper studied the changing principles of carbon content in direct reduction iron (DRI) and liquid iron in the COREX melting gasifier. Under the normal working conditions of experimental equipment, liquid nitrogen was poured into the melting gasifier from its tuyere to cool down quickly. And then seven cross sections were made to study the carburization reaction and its characteristics of the solid iron and the liquid iron, and also the reaction of carbon between the slag and the metal. According to the results, the influences of the thickness of the semi-coke layer and the temperature on the carbon content of liquid iron in the COREX melting gasifier were confirmed.     

STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION OF TITANIUM-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES BY X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

As a potential application of titanium-oxide nanoparticles, it is extremely important to investigate a detailed picture of the surface and interior structural properties of nanocrystalline materials, such as rutile and anatase with diameters 7.0 and 4.5nm, respectively. X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been used to identify the local Ti environment and related electronic structure. We combine the experimental results at the Ti edge in both bulk and nano-crystals to determine the lattice distortion in terms of differently characteristic preedge features and the variation in the multiple-scattering region of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra. The relationship between the transition peaks and the surface-to volume ratio is also discussed.     

THE APPARENT VISCOSITY OF SEMI-SOLID AZ91D ALLOY AT STEADY STATE

The rheological behavior of semi-solid AZ91D at steady state is studied using a Couette type viscometer in the present paper. The results show that the apparent viscosity of semi-solid AZ91D at the steady state increases with the solid fraction increasing, and goes up sharply when the solid fraction reaches a certain value, which is called critical fraction. In addition, the apparent viscosity of semi-solid AZ91D at the steady state takes on a distinct downtrend with the shearing rate increasing, which indicates a strong shear thinning property. In addition, the critical solid fraction becomes higher under larger shearing rate, owing to the more globular shape of the solid particles. Based on the present experiment results, an empirical equation is built as that, relating the steady state apparent viscosity of semi-solid AZ91D with the solid fraction fs andshearing rate (?) at the same time: ηapp=10.74exp(6.95fs)(?)-0.86.     

AN EXPERIMENTAL-NUMERICAL METHOD FOR MEASURING CRACK PROPAGATING VELOCITIES UNDER STRESS WAVE LOADING

An experimental-numerical method for measuring dynamic crack propagating velocities under stress wave loading is established in this paper. The experiments of the three-point bend specimen are done on the improved Hopkinson bar. Deflection of loading point, dynamic load and instantaneous crack length are measured, then crack propagating velocities are calculated. Experiments on 40Cr steel show that the results given by this method have a good agreement with that obtained by the resistance fracture gage method. Therefore this method is feasible for measuring crack propagating velocities under high loading rate and will have wide application.     

挤压的热平衡及温度变化

温度是挤压工艺的最重要的参数之一。提高温度,金属变形抗力减小,但同时易于导致局部温度过高,引起低熔点共晶和多相组织熔化,以及制品表面粗糙,限制了最大挤压速度。挤压过程中温度的变化取决于:锭坯加热湿度,锭坯向挤压筒的热传导以及变形和摩擦热效应。     

金属板材成形中拉深损伤模拟的两种求解方法

讨论用数值模拟预测板材成形中发生拉深损伤破坏的两种不同的求解方法。第一种是采用完全耦合的弹塑性破坯模型的动力显式数值方法。基于状态参量的不可逆热力学过程 ,完全耦合的本构方程考虑各向同性强化和拉深。这些已引入有限元软件ABAQUS/E用于对金属成形的模拟。在数值技术方面 ,隐式积分方法被用来对本构方程的局部时间积分 ,动力显式技术用于求解总体平衡方程。第二种方案是采用简化的损伤模型的方法 ,被称为逆法 (InveseApprch)。I.A被限定在考虑各向同性强化和损伤的塑性全量理论基础上的简单的本构关系。做比例加载和临界损伤达到以后的损伤饱和假定 ,可以得到损伤演化方程的封闭解。这两种损伤模型在编程中的实施采用两种方式 :计算中考虑或不考虑损伤作用 ,也就是耦合的或非耦合的计算。文中给出一些算例来说明每种损伤模型的优点     

Desiderata for Languages to be Used in the Defnition of Reference Business Processes

In many modern enterprises, explicit business process de nitions facilitate the pursuit of business goals in such ways as best practice reuse, process analysis, processe ciency improvement, and automation. Most real-world business processes are large and complex. Successfully capturing, analysing, and automating these processes requires process de nition languages that capture a variety of process aspects with a wealth of details. Mostcurrent process modelling languages, such as Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN),focus on structural control ows among activities while providing inadequate support for other process de nition needs. In this paper, we rst illustrate these inadequacies through our experiences with a collection of real-world reference business processes from the Aus-tralian lending industry. We observe that the most signi cant inadequacies include lack of resource management, exception handling, process variation, and data ow integration.These identi ed shortcomings led us to consider the Little-JIL language as a vehicle forde ning business processes. Little-JIL addresses the afore-mentioned inadequacies with a number of innovative features. Our investigation concludes that these innovative features are e ective in addressing a number of key reference business process de nition needs.