An integration of all refractory Josephson logic LSI circuit

An integration process for the fabrication of an all refractory Josephson LSI logic circuit is described. In this process, niobium nitride and niobium double-layered Josephson junctions were integrated using a reactive ion etching with a 2.5 μm minimum feature. A highly selective and anisotropic RIE process and a planarizing technology have been developed for intagrating a circuit with LSI complexity. For evaluating the process capability, test vehicle circuits with MSI/LSI level complexity have been designed and fabricated using this process. An 8 bit ripple carry adder and a 4×4 bit parallel multiplier have been integrated with Josephson four junction logic ( 4JL ) gates, the largest of which contains more than 2800 Josephson junctions. Both functionality and high-speed performance testings have been successfully performed with these test circuits.     

Ductus arteriosus rupture as a balloon catheter atrioseptostomy complication

A newborn with transposition of the great arteries presented with rupture of the ductus arteriosus after balloon catheter atrioseptostomy. The necropsy study demonstrated persistent ductus patency, and a 0.5-cm-long horizontal fissure could be observed. On microscopy, there was laceration of the intimal layer, with wall dissection and focal hemorrhage extending to the adventitia. Ductus rupture was attributed to the wall weakness, as a consequence of prostaglandin E1 administration.     

Reaction of Fullerenes with Radicals Generated by Thermal Decomposition of Azo Compounds

Radicals generated thermally from azo compounds having cyano or ester function were added to C₆₀ to give poly-functionalized C₆₀ derivatives. Interestingly, their reactivities toward C₆₀ were found to be higher than those toward C₇₀.     

Isolation of a new antibiotic, laterosporamine. Studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. XIII

A new antibiotic, named laterosporamine, was isolated from the culture broth of Bacillus laterosporus 340-19. The antibiotic is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in vivo. It is a water-soluble basic substance, positive to ninhydrin, SAKAGUCHI'S and DRAGENDORFF'S reagents. A non-peptidic structure with an approximate empirical formula C17H35N7O4 was suggested.     

A simulation model for an air-swept ball mill grinding coal

The conventional model for grinding in tumbling ball mills was modified to allow for air-sweeping, for the case where all the material is carried out of the mill in the air stream. It was shown that this type of mill can be treated as a single fully mixed reactor. The values of the internal classification numbers given by the air-sweeping were determined for a 1 m by 1.5 m pilot-scale mill grinding coal. The results showed that only 1 to 2% of the mill charge are exposed to the sweeping action per mill revolution. S and B values determined in a laboratory mill were scaled-up for use in the continuous mill model and the simulations gave product size distributions and mill capacities which agreed with the pilot-scale mill data within the experimental accuracy of the pilot-scale data.     

Syntheses of dihydrolavandulol and its related compounds from carboxylic acids and conjugated dienes

5-Methyl-2-isopropyl-4-hexenoic acid, dihydrolavandulic acid (III) , was synthesised in 65% yield from 3-methylbutanoic acid and isoprene with sodium naphthalenide in the presence of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine. Reduction of III with lithium aluminum hydride gave 5-methyl-2-isopropyl-4-hexen-l-ol, dihydrolavandulol ( IV ) (85% yield). Oxidation of IV with pyridinium chlorochromate gave 5-methyl-2-isopropyl-4-hexenal, dihydrolavandulyl aldehyde ( V ) (81 % yield).     

Determination of critical micelle concentrations of some nonionic surfactants by Keto-Enol tautomerism of benzoylacetoanilide

The absorbances of benzoylacetoanilide, keto-enol tautomer, dissolved in aqueous solution of several concentration ranges below and above the CMC of the incorporating surfactants. Below the CMC, the absorbance of the band at 250 nm due to the ketonic form showed hardly any change and that of the band at 320 nm due to the enolic form could not be observed. In contrast, above the CMC, the spectral band of the enolic form appeared, and the absorbance increased abruptly and that due to the ketonic form decreased gradually. The changes at the CMC in absorbance for these nonionic surfactants were distinctly observed by plotting the absorbance at 250 and 320 nm as a function of the concentration of surfactants. These changes at the CMC were very noticeable with nonionic surfactants as well as with ionic surfactants. The concentrations corresponding to break points for these surfactants were in fairly good agreement with the published data of the CMC of each surfactant. This method of keto-enol tautomerism using benzoylacetoanilide has been confirmed CMC for most anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants.