Hemolysis is a physiological condition in which red blood cells (RBCs) lyse, releasing their contents into the extracellular environment. Hemolysis can be a manifestation of several diseases and conditions, such as sickle cell disease, hemorrhagic stroke, and trauma. Heme and hemoglobin are among the unique contents of RBCs that are released into the environment. Although these contents can cause oxidative stress, especially when oxidized in the extracellular environment, they can also initiate a proinflammatory response because they bind to receptors such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. This review seeks to clarify the mechanism by which TLRs initiate a proinflammatory response to heme, hemoglobin, and their oxidized derivatives, as well as the possibility of using soluble TLRs (sTLRs) as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, this review explores the possibility of using sTLRs in hemorrhagic disorders in which mitigating inflammation is essential for clinical outcomes, including hemorrhagic stroke and its subtypes, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). 相似文献
Rare earth ion Pr3+ was co doped in yellow emitting YAG:Ce nanophosphor to introduce red emission for improving colour rendering property of white LED. Nanocrystalline YAG:Ce, YAG:Ce, Pr was synthesised by a single step auto combustion process. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra of YAG:Ce, Pr nanophosphor, when excited by 460?nm blue light, exhibited sharp red emission peaks at 610?nm from Pr3+ ions in addition to broad yellow emission from Ce3+ peaking at 540?nm due to charge transfer from excited Ce3+ 5d band to 3PJ/1D2 level of Pr3+. Ce3+ (yellow) and Pr3+ (red) emission decays in tens of nanoseconds and microseconds, respectively. Electroluminescence spectra of blue LED with developed phosphor layer shows colour coordinates (0.30, 0.39) close to ideal white light. 相似文献
Atom-probe tomography (APT) is utilized to characterize the dopant distribution in two thermoelectric materials systems: (1) PbTe-2?mol.%SrTe-1?mol.%Na2Te, and (2) codoped PbTe-1.25?mol.%K-1.4?mol.%Na. We observe the presence of Na-rich precipitates of a few nanometers in diameter in both systems. Both concentration frequency distribution analyses and partial radial distribution functions are employed to analyze the tendency for dopant clustering detected by APT. In the codoped sample, K accumulates significantly in Na-rich precipitates, while in the Sr-containing sample, Sr is homogeneously distributed. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy also reveals the presence of precipitates having platelet morphology, which are oriented parallel to the {001} planes. 相似文献
Polymeric packaging protects food during storage and transportation, and withstands mechanical and thermal stresses from high‐temperature conventional retort or microwave‐assisted food processing treatments. Chemical compounds that are incorporated within polymeric packaging materials to improve functionality, may interact with food components during processing or storage and migrate into the food. Once these compounds reach a specified limit, food quality and safety may be jeopardized. Possible chemical migrants include plasticizers, antioxidants, thermal stabilizers, slip compounds, and monomers. Chemical migration from food packaging is affected by a number of parameters including the nature and complexity of food, the contact time and temperature of the system, the type of packaging contact layer, and the properties of the migrants. Researchers study the migration of food‐packaging compounds by exposing food or food‐simulating liquids to conventional and microwave heating and storage conditions, primarily through chromatographic or spectroscopic methods; from these data, they develop kinetic and risk assessment models. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the migration of chemical compounds into food or food simulants exposed to various heat treatments and storage conditions, as well as a discussion of regulatory issues. 相似文献
D2D based communication holds a promising future for 5G networks as they are efficient and can yield high data rates, good signal to noise interference ratio, improved resource-block uploading time, minimized delay from one end to the other and conserved power for transmission. The traditional system of cellular type contains cell edge clients who need a larger resource blocks count as well as time to upload data. Hence the quality of service will be reduced. The relay scheme in the proposal for cooperative type D2D networks is pivoted on the value of channel gain as well as transmission link distance. For bringing down the resource blocks’ count as well as uploading time, the paper is proposing a capable scheme of selection of relays that employs communication of D2D in the situations of uplinking. To begin with, in a cell modeling is done. It contains D2D pairs of multiple types as well as cellular clients. Next, the analysis related to issues of allocating resources as well as control of power is done. In order to lessen the resource blocks as well as their uploading time, the paper in proposal suggests a better blocks management mechanism that uses D2D based communication. Simulated output infers that the method in the proposal is superior to the present methods as far as time to upload contents; resource blocks, SINR, throughput as well as rates of data and Energy Consumption are concerned. Added to that, the stated method conserves 43% of the Energy Consumption of the network clients and while doing that the time to upload the contents is not affected.
Nanoparticles of transition metal oxides with metallic properties, RuO2, IrO2, and ReO3 in the ranges 6.5-19 nm, 6-14 nm, and 8.5-32.5 nm, respectively have been prepared by soft chemical routes. The nanoparticles have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, optical spectroscopy, and scanning probe microscopy. All the nanoparticles show conducting behaviour, as confirmed by tunneling conductance measurements. Magnetic properties of the nanoparticles depend on temperature as well as the particle size. In the case of ReO3, a plasmon band is observed around 520 nm, just as in copper. The band gets blue-shifted with decrease in size. 相似文献
The growth of gold nanocrystals prepared by the reduction of tetrachloroauric acid by tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride, which allows slow reduction, is investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering and isothermal titration calorimetry in combination with transmission electron microscopy. The growth of the nanocrystals does not follow the diffusion-limited Ostwald ripening but instead follows a sigmoidal rate curve. The activation energy obtained from the temperature-dependent growth study is very small. The heat change associated with the growth is determined for the first time as approximately 10 kcal mol(-1) per 1 nm increase in the nanocrystals' diameter. 相似文献