Preparation,characterization, and adsorption properties for metal ions of a novel chelating resin containing sulfoxide and diethylene glycol

A novel chelating resin containing sulfoxide and diethylene glycol, poly{4‐vinylbenzyl‐[2‐2‐(hydroxyethyl)ethoxyl]sulfoxide} (PVESO) was synthesized using chloromethylated polystyrene (PS‐Cl) as material. Its structure was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption capacities of the resin for Hg²⁺, Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Pb²⁺ at various pH values were determined. The maximum adsorption capacities for Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺ were 1.56 and 0.75 mmol g^?1 respectively. The resin had high selectivity for Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺ over the pH range 1.0–7.0. The adsorption capacities for Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺ under competitive condition were also determined by batch experiment method. In addition, the adsorption kinetics of the resin towards Hg²⁺ at different temperatures was also investigated. The results showed that the adsorption rate was governed by film diffusion at 20°C and 25°C, by particle diffusion at 30°C and 35°C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 6054–6059, 2006     

Sliding mode control design via piecewise smooth Lipschitz surfaces based on contingent cone criteria

In order to improve flexibility of sliding mode control (SMC) for a class of nonlinear systems, a new control design method is proposed in this paper. The sliding surface is extended to be a generic Lipschitz continuous surface instead of a smooth one, with which different characteristics of sliding motion may be realized. Due to the nonsmoothness of the sliding surface, the control design problem is discussed in the framework of Filippov’s differential inclusion, by analyzing the geometric properties of the nonsmooth surface. Discontinuous control laws are presented based on new contingent cone criteria, which steer all of the trajectories of the closed-loop system to reach the piecewise smooth sliding surface in finite time.     

基于表面反应和扩散迁移控制的灰岩单裂隙渗流—溶解模型及其数值模拟

针对碳酸盐类可溶岩地区水电站坝址流场、化学场以及固相介质属性等随时间发生改变,从而对工程安全运行造成不利影响等问题,研究了灰岩地区地下水运移过程中各物理场间的相互作用,分析了影响灰岩溶解速率的两个因素,即表面反应控制和扩散迁移控制。在此基础上,建立了单裂隙中的渗流—溶解耦合模型,并进行数值求解。模拟结果表明,在垂直裂隙延伸方向,其溶蚀锋面为非齐整平面,而是呈似“虫洞”状非均一变化,而沿裂隙延伸方向即自上游侧向下游方向溶蚀程度逐渐减轻;而通过裂隙的流量呈现随时间逐渐增大的趋势,但变幅不大;根据流量求得的等效水力隙宽,其增幅和增长速率均小于实际平均隙宽;同时,化学场中Ca2+浓度的分布与裂隙开度变化具有相似性,不同时刻下上游侧反应速率R均大于下游侧。就反应机制而言,在初期均受表面反应控制,而随反应进行,位于上游补给区部位转为受扩散迁移控制,但在下游位置仍受表面反应控制。     

Improving the fatigue performance of longitudinal welded joints by low transformation temperature electrodes

0　IntroductionAfatigueisoneofthemainfailurescausesofweldedstructures.Manyexperimentshaveshownthatfatiguestrengthsofweldedjointsaremuchlowerthanthoseofbasemetal.Thefatiguecrackmainlyinitiatesatweldtoe ,becausetherearetensileresidualstressesandstressconcentrationinthisregion ,sothatthefatiguestrengthcanbeincreasedbybothmodifyingstressdistributionatweldtoeanddecreasingstressconcentration .Therearemanymethodstoimprovethefatiguestrengthsofweldedjoints[1,2 ] ,forexample ,TIGdress ing,hammerpeenin…     

Trajectory linearization control for a miniature unmanned helicopter

Trajectory linearization control (TLC) approach is applied to design a nonlinear trajectory tracking controller for a miniature unmanned helicopter. The controller is based on nonlinear model derived from Newton-Euler equations, with collective and cyclic pitches being regarded as actual controls. Via model simplifications, the nonlinear helicopter model can be transformed into a cascaded form including four subsystems. Corresponding with the simplified cascaded structure, the proposed controller is constructed by synthesizing TLC designs for subsystems. Each of them includes designs of a pseudo-inversion and an error regulator. A summarized TLC algorithm for the unmanned helicopter is listed briefly after the detailed controller design process. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate performances of the closed-loop system.     

基于ISO9000质量管理体系的高校多媒体管理及服务系统设计

本文把高校的多媒体管理系统与ISO9000质量管理体系相结合,探讨了基于ISO9000质量管理体系的高校多媒体管理及服务系统的设计,主要包括两方面,一是把质量管理体系应用到服务教学方面,二是把质量管理体系应用到内部管理方面,而内部管理同时又是为了更好地服务教学,通过ISO9000质量管理体系二者可达到空前的统一.     

基于Web的法律咨询系统的设计与实现

针对法律案例多样化,且法律条文中通常都含有大量专业性很强的法律专用语,使得法律按照条文来分析自身面临了很大难题,本文研究了基于Web的法律信息服务平台的设计与实现,将冗杂无序的网上法律信息进行统一搜集和分类,并提供了大量案例供用户阅读,为用户提供更多有价值的法律信息.系统主要功能有:商务实务查询,相关信息查询,用户权限管理.案例及其类别管理,法律法规及其类别管理,简易论坛,案例搜索,法律法规查询,相似案例查找等.本系统的核心功能是相似案例查找和关键字搜索功能,常要利用Lucene进行切词处理.相似案例查找功能逆向运用了KNN算法的思想,在切词处理后,形成空间向量,利用空间向量计算来分析两案例的相似度,从而实现了相似案例查找.为了实现关键字搜索功能,利用Lucene实现了对数据库中的案例的全文动态索引处理,从而提高了搜索速度和搜索精度.     

An Efficient One-Arrow-Two-Hawks Strategy Achieves High Efficiency and Stable Batch Variance for Benzodifuran-based Polymer Solar Cells

With the development of organic solar cells (OSCs), the high-performance and stable batch variance are becoming a new challenge for designing polymer donors. To obtain high photovoltaic performance, adopting polymers with high molecular weight as donors is an ordinary strategy. However, the high molecular weight need to subtly control the reaction time and state, inevitably caused batch-to-batch variations. Herein, a strategy of steric effect is applied to benzodifuran (BDF)-based polymer by introducing different positions of Cl atom, producing two polymers PBDFCl-1 and PBDFCl-2. The more twisted side chains conformation not only achieve the control of moderate molecular weight for PBDFCl-2, but also easily form molecular stacking through adopting BDF unit and maintain sufficient polymeric crystallinity. Due to the optimized stacking mode and good blend miscibility, PBDFCl-2-based device exhibitsa more elegant power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.00% compared to PBDFCl-1-based device. This is the highest efficiency record for BDF-based binary OSCs. Meanwhile, the PCE device variation of the different molecular weights for PBDFCl-2 is little, indicating the reduction of the batch variation. Therefore, smartly using steric effect of Cl atom in strong crystalline BDF unit can form efficient molecular stacking regulations and realize the coordination of high-performance and stable batch variance.     

Tough Transient Ionic Junctions Printed with Ionic Microgels

Emerging soft ionotronics better match the human body mechanically and electrically compared to conventional rigid electronics. They hold great potential for human-machine interfaces, wearable and implantable devices, and soft machines. Among various ionotronic devices, ionic junctions play critical roles in rectifying currents as electrical p–n junctions. Existing ionic junctions, however, are limited in electrical and mechanical performance, and are difficult to fabricate and degrade. Herein, the design, fabrication, and characterization of tough transient ionic junctions fabricated via 3D ionic microgel printing is reported. The 3D printing method demonstrates excellent printability and allows one to fabricate ionic junctions of various configurations with high fidelity. By combining ionic microgels, degradable networks, and highly charged biopolymers, the ionic junctions feature high stretchability (stretch limit 27), high fracture energy (>1000 Jm⁻²), excellent electrical performance (current rectification ratio >100), and transient stability (degrade in 1 week). A variety of ionotronic devices, including ionic diodes, ionic bipolar junction transistors, ionic full-wave rectifiers, and ionic touchpads are further demonstrated. This study merges ionotronics, 3D printing, and degradable hydrogels, and will motivate the future development of high-performance transient ionotronics.