Characterization of YSZ solid oxide fuel cells electrolyte deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying and low pressure plasma spraying

Yttria doped zirconia has been widely used as electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Plasma spraying is a cost-effective process to deposit YSZ electrolyte. In this study, the 8 mol% Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ (YSZ) layer was deposited by low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) with fused-crushed and agglomerated powders to examine the effect of spray method and particle size on the electrical conductivity and gas permeability of YSZ coating. The microstructure of YSZ coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the gas permeability was significantly influenced by powder structure. The gas permeability of YSZ coating deposited by fused-crushed powder is one order lower in magnitude than that by agglomerated powder. Moreover, the gas permeability of YSZ deposited by LPPS is lower than that of APS YSZ. The electrical conductivity of the deposits through thickness direction was measured by potentiostat/galvanostat based on three-electrode assembly approach. The electrical conductivity of YSZ coating deposited by low pressure plasma spraying with fused-crushed powder of small particle size was 0.043 S cm⁻¹ at 100 °C, which is about 20% higher than that of atmospheric plasma spraying YSZ with the same powder. This article was originally published inBuilding on 100 Years of Success, Proceedings of the 2006 International Thermal Spray Conference (Seattle, WA), May 15–18, 2006, B.R. Marple, M.M. Hyland, Y.-Ch. Lau, R.S. Lima, and J. Voyer, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2006.     

THE ETCH-PITS FEATURE OF BCC METALS AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THEIR GRAIN ORIENTATION

借助于金相显微镜和扫描电镜,探讨了bcc金属中蚀坑形状和晶粒位向的关系。晶粒的位向采用扫描电镜电子通道花样技术确定,实验结果表示在单位赤面投影三角形中。 采用矢量分析和坐标变换方法,推导了一组描述蚀坑形状和晶粒位向的关系式,并用理论计算数据制成图表。应用这些图表,可以迅速地确定晶粒位向。 因为蚀坑形状是以方位角(θ,φ)的连续函数来描述,故晶粒位向的分析结果可直接表示在单位赤面投影三角形中,且易于确定晶界的变换矩阵。 应用本文的蚀坑分析技术,曾对一些冶金问题进行了探讨。     

快速凝固MlNi4．0 Al 0．3 Si 0．1 Fe0．6无Co贮氢电极合金的微结构和电化学性能

研究了单辊快淬快速凝固处理对无Co贮氢电极合金MlNi4．0Al0．3Si0．1Fe0．6的微结构和电化学性能的影响。XRD分析表明，快凝合金仍为单相CaCu5型结构，但合金相的成分和结构均匀性得到明显改善。金相观察和能谱分析显示，铸态合金为比较粗大的树枝晶结构并存在明显的成分偏析，而快凝合金呈细小的胞状晶结构，合金中元素的分布趋于均匀化。电化学测试表明，快速凝固处理后合金的活化性能不变，循环稳定性得到显著改善，但其放电容量和高倍率放电性能有所降低。研究发现，快凝合金电极的交换电流密度Io以及氢在合金中的扩散系数D较铸态合金有所减小是导致其高倍率放电性能降低的主要原因。快速凝固处理导致无Co合金电化学性能的变化与合金的微结构的改变有关。     

3PE防腐层缺陷成因分析与防范

3PE防腐层被称为“完美”涂层。但是，由于其涂装技术相对比较复杂，如果生产工艺控制不严，将会产生多种防腐层缺陷；另一方面，剥离的聚乙烯层对阴极保护电流具有很强的屏蔽作用，3PE的某些缺陷有可能是致命的。本文对3PE防腐层缺陷产生原因进行了较为全面的介绍和分析，同时提出控制措施，与业内同行交流。     

Feasibility study of the minimum quantity lubrication in high-speed end milling of NAK80 hardened steel by coated carbide tool

High-speed milling of hardened steels generates high cutting temperature and leads to detrimental effects on tool life and workpiece surface finish. In this paper, feasibility study of the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in high-speed end milling of NAK80 hardened steel by coated carbide tool was undertaken. Flood cooling and dry cutting experiments were conducted also for comparison. It is found that cutting under flood cooling condition results in the shortest tool life due to severe thermal cracks while the use of MQL leads to the best performance. MQL is beneficial to tool life both in the lower speed cutting and the higher speed cutting conditions. A less viscous oil of MQL is essential in high cutting speed so that cooling effect can be effective. SEM micrograph of the insert shows that the use of MQL in high-speed cutting can delay welding of chips on the tool and hence prolongs tool life as compared with dry cutting condition. The application of MQL also improves machined surface finish in high-speed milling of die steels.     

15MnVN钢的氢致硬化和氢致软化

研究了不同氢含量、应变速率条件下１５ＭｎＶＮ钢氢致硬化和氢致软化现象。试验证实，氢的存在首先造成氢致硬化，而当塑性变形开始后又导致氢致软化。这一作用受钢中氢偏聚控制，并受应变速率的诱导作用。氢的存在对钢的抗拉强度无明显影响。     

Effects of laser beam energy and incident angle on the pulse laser welding of stainless steel thin sheet

This paper reports an experimental study of laser spot welding on stainless steel sheets. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used to weld the stainless steel specimen in the range of laser energy 0.6–1.2 J and incident angle 30–75° (the angle of the laser beam incident direction to the sheet surface). Metallography was applied to measure the cross-sectional size and shape of the welded spot. From the experimental results, it is found that as the laser energy increases, the penetration depth, bead length, and bead width of the welded spot increase. As the laser incident angle increases, the penetration depth and the bead width increase while the bead length decreases. The results illustrate that the shape and size of the welded spot depend not only on the laser energy, but also on the incident angle of laser beam.     

数控加工模具型腔中的数据处理

模具型腔在数控加工中需要一套控制刀具运动轨迹的算法，本文给出了从模具型面的几何描述，加工数据的生成到形成Ｇ格式指令进行数控加工这一生产过程的数据处理，实验和现场加工的结果表明：该数据处理算法成功地解决了模具型面的加工制造问题。     

脉冲电流对Al-4.5Cu合金定向凝固组织的影响

研究了脉冲电流对Al-4．5Cu合金定向凝固过程及组织的影响。结果表明，随着脉冲电流峰值和频率的增大，Al—4．5Cu合金柱状晶被熔断，形态由细条状变为不连续，失去其定向凝固的取向性；且柱状晶间距随电流峰值和频率的增大而减小。由脉冲电流的引入而产生的脉冲磁压力及焦耳热效应在固液界面处造成的强烈扰动是定向凝固组织失去取向性的主要原因。     

方坯连铸二冷热应力模拟

建立了方坯的应力计算模型，并通过采用有限元法求解，获得了铸坯在二冷段的应力和应变分布规律，为研究二冷对铸坯质量的影响提供了理论基础。