Attachment and emotion in autobiographical memory development

The relation of attachment status to autobiographical memory was assessed in 3.5- to 4.5-year-olds. Of specific interest was the relation between attachment status and the emotional content of parent-child memory conversations. Forty-six mother-child dyads discussed four events designed to elicit positive and negative emotional themes. Both attachment status and gender moderated the emotional content of this memory talk. Mother-daughter dyads with insecurely attached girls engaged in relatively more negative memory talk than mother-daughter dyads with securely attached girls. However, the dyads of secure girls elaborated more often on both positive and negative emotional themes than did the dyads of insecure girls who primarily elaborated on positive themes. The relations between attachment status and emotion talk for mother-son dyads were inconsistent. Findings were discussed in terms of the role of attachment in the social construction of autobiographical memories.     

Regulation of L-selectin-mediated rolling through receptor dimerization

L-selectin binding activity for its ligand expressed by vascular endothelium is rapidly and transiently increased after leukocyte activation. To identify mechanisms for upregulation and assess how this influences leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions, cell-surface dimers of L-selectin were induced using the coumermycin-GyrB dimerization strategy for cross-linking L-selectin cytoplasmic domains in L-selectin cDNA-transfected lymphoblastoid cells. Coumermycin- induced L-selectin dimerization resulted in an approximately fourfold increase in binding of phosphomanan monoester core complex (PPME), a natural mimic of an L-selectin ligand, comparable to that observed after leukocyte activation. Moreover, L-selectin dimerization significantly increased (by approximately 700%) the number of lymphocytes rolling on vascular endothelium under a broad range of physiological shear stresses, and significantly slowed their rolling velocities. Therefore, L-selectin dimerization may explain the rapid increase in ligand binding activity that occurs after leukocyte activation and may directly influence leukocyte migration to peripheral lymphoid tissues or to sites of inflammation. Inducible oligomerization may also be a common mechanism for rapidly upregulating the adhesive or ligand-binding function of other cell-surface receptors.     

Shock intensity, shock duration, Sidman avoidance acquisition, and the "all or nothing" principle in rats.

Ran 6 groups of 6 female Wistar rats each on Sidman avoidance acquisition at different shock intensities. Nearly 100% of all Ss acquired the response in the 1.6-4 ma. range with less than 15% acquisition in the .25-1 ma. range. In Exp. II, 4 groups of 6 Ss each were run on .5-, .15-, .2-, and .3-sec shock durations (intensity = 1.3 ma.), ma.), producing a steep positive relationship. Correlations between 1st and final session performance show that eventual acquisition or failure could be predicted with 97% accuracy from a 1st session response criterion ("all or nothing" principle). The positive relationship between intensity and avoidance and the all or nothing phenomenon are both interpreted in terms of species-specific defense reactions. (33 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Precipitation in CdxHg1−xTe

An electron microscope study has been made of the precipitation effects at the boundaries of the pseudobinary sphalerite Cd _x Hg_1–x Te phase. Te precipitation is frequently found for alloys with compositions of 51 to 53 at. %Te but rarely in the 50 at. % stoichiometric alloy. Annealing of specimens under Hg overpressure leads to the formation of a new crystalline phase, which appears to be strongly related to the Cd–Hg phase.     

Microstructure and phase transformations in duplex 316 manual metal arc weld metals: the role of carbon

The nature and kinetics of the phase transformation of metastable -ferrite in two duplex stainless steel manual metal arc weld metals has been studied at two carbon levels. 0.042 and 0.076 w t%. The lean deposit exhibited a rapid transformation to intermetallic phases on post-weld heat treatment, whilst the higher carbon deposit retained sable -ferrite after similar heat treatment. These results appear to be consistent with previously published transformation models for similar materials.     

Effect of surfactants on the determination of sulphate in waters

The effects of pure cationic, anionic and non-ionic detergents, industrially prepared detergents, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, soap and NTA, in quantities up to 1000 mg l⁻¹, on the analysis of soluble iron in water using the phenanthroline, tripyridine and biquinoline methods were investigated. The tripyridine method is superior to the other two methods for the determination of iron in the presence of up to 1000 mg l⁻¹ of various surfactants but not for up to 100 mg l⁻¹ of non-ionic detergents. The phenanthroline method can be used to determine iron in the presence of up to 1000 mg l⁻¹ of cationic, anionic and non-ionic detergents, but sodium tripolyphosphate interfered above 2 mg l⁻¹. The biquinoline method can be used for the determination of iron in the presence of up to 1000 mg l⁻¹ of cationic, 100 mg l⁻¹ of anionic and 70 mg l⁻¹ of non-ionic detergents, and 50 mg l⁻¹ of sodium tripolyphosphate.     

Field calibration of rapidly equilibrating thin-film passive air samplers and their potential application for low-volume air sampling studies

This paper reports on a field calibration and ambient deployment study with rapidly equilibrating thin-film passive air samplers. POlymer-coated Glass (POG) samplers have a coating of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) less than 1 microm thick coated on to glass, which can be dissolved off after exposure and prepared for quantification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have partitioned into the film during field exposure. In this study, POGs were exposed for up to 18 d, in a study to assess compound uptake rates and their time to approach equilibrium. Results confirmed theoretical predictions, with time to equilibrium varying between a few hours to ca. 20 d for PCB-18 and PCB-138, respectively. Performance reference compounds and contaminated POGs were used to investigate depuration kinetics, confirming that lighter congeners behave extremely dynamically with substantial losses from the films over periods of a few hours. Repeated deployments of the samplers for different3-d periods yielded detectable levels of a range of PCB congeners, which had partitioned from as little as approximately 2 to 10 m3 air. This highlights the potential utility of POGs for extremely sensitive and dynamic passive air sampling in the future to help improve understanding of sources, environmental fate, and behavior of POPs. Recommendations are made for future improvements/refinements in POG sampling and handling procedures.     

Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering in KD2PO4near the structural phase transition

Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering is used to characterize anomalous and highly dispersive acoustic behavior, including heavily overdamped acoustic motion, in KD2PO4crystals near the structural phase transition temperature Tc. Photoelastic and electrooptic effects are observed to diverge near Tc, suggesting applications in efficient light modulation and switching.