Characterization of the deterioration of externally bonded CFRP-concrete composites using quantitative infrared thermography

Defects embedded in externally-bonded CFRP-concrete composite structures reduce the interfacial bond strength and durability. This paper classifies these defects into two types: flaws and delaminations. Flaws are formed during the first application of the CFRP strips onto the concrete surface due to poor workmanship. Delaminations are formed due to stress concentrations related to chemical/physical degradation of the binding layer. In this study, an aggressive environment was simulated by placing the specimens in water baths with elevated temperatures (40 °C and 60 °C). The sizes of the CFRP-flaws and delaminations were determined by (i) quantitative infrared thermography (QIRT) and (ii) processing of visual images after opening-up the CFRP by direct shear. Experimental results show that apparent flaw sizes determined by QIRT were in good agreement (88% accuracy) with actual flaw sizes determined by the image processing method. The results also show that flaws exhibited little change but the bonding layer showed significant deterioration after exposure to high water temperatures.     

Adsorption and desorption behaviour of Pb(II) on a natural kaolin: equilibrium,kinetic and thermodynamic studies

BACKGROUND: Pb(II) is common in both waste‐waters and gas emissions. In developing countries, public health problems have been reported concerning Pb(II) pollution, so that stringent measures are required to deal with it. MAJOR RESULTS: The adsorption and desorption behaviour of Pb(II) has been investigated on a natural Chinese kaolin. Several factors, including initial concentration, pH, equilibration time, dosage and temperature correlated positively with Pb(II) adsorption. The Pb(II) adsorption capacity of natural kaolin was 165.117 mg g^?1. A kinetic study shows that Pb(II) adsorption on purified kaolin equilibrates within 35 min. The enthalpy changes of Pb(II) adsorption on purified kaolin were 63.683, 20.488 and 21.371 kJ mol^?1 with entropy changes 262.250, 112.210 and 105.120 J mol^?1 K^?1 for solutions containing 50, 100 and 200 mg L^?1 Pb(II) respectively, indicating an endothermic and spontaneous adsorption process. The desorption of Pb(II) from kaolin was difficult with more than 85% Pb(II) removal. Based on X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the Pb(II) adsorption on natural and purified kaolin was attributed mainly to the magnesite component and complexation with the mineral surface. CONCLUSIONS: Natural kaolin exhibits a satisfactory performance for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The optimum conditions for adsorption were: ionic strength = 0.01 mol L^?1; pH ≥ 7.2; dosage = 10 g L^?1; temperature = 25 °C; duration ≥ 16 h (C_i = 80 mg L^?1); and the optimum conditions for desorption were ionic strength = 0.1 mol L^?1 and pH ≤ 5.0. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Efficient ID-based registration protocol featured with user anonymity in mobile IP networks

A secure and efficient ID-based registration protocol with user anonymity is proposed in this paper for IP-based mobile networks. The protocol minimizes the registration delay through a minimal usage of the identity (ID)-based signature scheme that eliminates expensive pairing operations. User anonymity is achieved via a temporary identity (TID) transmitted by a mobile user, instead of its true identity. Additional replay protection from a Foreign Agent (FA) is included in the registration messages to prevent a possible replay attack. A formal correctness proof of the protocol using Protocol Composition Logic (PCL) is presented. Numerical analysis and computer simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol outperforms the existing ones in terms of the registration delay, the registration signaling traffic, and the computational load on a Mobile Node (MN) while improving security. For example, the proposed protocol reduces the registration delay up to 49.3 percent approximately, comparing to Yang?s protocol.     

溴化丁基橡胶的研究进展

综述了溴化丁基橡胶的应用情况,着重介绍了溴化丁基橡胶与天然橡胶、乙丙橡胶、顺丁橡胶、丁基橡胶、尼龙-6、炭黑、白炭黑、粘土、羧甲基纤维素、竹粉等制备材料的性能。并对目前存在的问题进行分析,指出今后的研究方向。     

Laminar fully developed forced-convection flow within an asymmetrically heated horizontal double-passage channel

The present analytical study is concerned with the thermal characteristics of hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed flow in an asymmetrically heated horizontal channel, which is divided into two passages (by means of a baffe) for two separate flow streams. Each stream will have its own pressure gradient and hence its own individual velocity profile. Based upon bulk mean temperature of the whole flow in the channel, Nusselt numbers and the generalized temperature profiles in the fully developed regions are determined by means of integration of the momentum and energy equations. Three possible combinations of the thermal boundary conditions on the two wall plates of the channel are considered: isothermal-isothermal, isothermal-isoflux, and isoflux-isoflux. Results show that the thermal characteristics of the fully developed flow could be significantly affected by the position of the baffle, the pressure-gradient ratio by the two separate streams, and thermal boundary conditions on the channel walls.     

Computer simulation of convection in moving arc weld pools

Computer simulation for three-dimensional convection in moving arc weld pools was described, with three distinct driving forces for flow considered — the electromagnetic force, the buoyancy force, and the surface tension gradient on the pool surface. Formulation of the electromagnetic force in the weld pool was presented. The calculated and experimentally observed fusion boundaries were compared. The arc efficiency and spatial distributions of the current density and power density used in the calculations were based on experimentally measured results, in order to verify the model. The effects of the electromagnetic and surface tension forces were discussed.     

基于S3C44BOX＋μcLinux的嵌入式以太网设计

本文介绍了基于一款ARM处理器蜒S3C44BOX的以太网接口电路设计，并详细地阐述了在嵌入式操作系统μcLinux下网卡驱劝的实现。     

正确认识资本运作和产品经营的关系

企业从资本市场上获得的资金是投资，只有从产品市场上赚得资金才能形成利润，因而，资本市场运作不能直接提高公司的价值。企业在产品市场上的竞争力是一个企业是否强的表现。资本市场运作只能帮助企业扩大规模，不能帮助企业提高效益，只能帮助企业做大，不能帮助企业做强。上市不能直接导致规范的公司治理结构。企业家的首要职责是做好产品经营。     

Internal-Atate-Variable Based Constitutive Modeling for Near β Ti-7Mo-3Al-3Nb-3Cr Alloy during Hot Deformation Process

针对近β钛合金提出了一种以位错密度变化率作为内变量的热变形本构模型,该模型同时考虑了溶质元素的固溶强化作用和位错之间的交互作用对流变应力的影响。将该模型应用于一种新型近β钛合金Ti-7Mo-3Al-3Nb-3Cr (Ti-7333),并采用基于目标优化的遗传算法定量确定了Ti-7333合金的本构模型参数。模型计算的结果表明,利用该热变形本构模型计算出的流变应力与实验数据间的平均相对误差为7.2%,采用基于位错密度变化率的近β钛合金本构模型能够有效地表征Ti-7333合金的流变行为     

低介电常数聚酰亚胺材料制备方法研究进展

介绍了几种制备低介电常数聚酰亚胺(PI)材料的方法及其研究进展,包括引入氟原子降低极化率、引入硅氧烷增大自由体积、引入孔洞降低密度以及多种方法相结合共同降低介电常数等,指出了低介电常数PI制备方法的未来发展方向。