Onset of gas self-induction and power consumption after gas induction in an agitated tank

The behavior of inducted gas from liquid surface and the; power requirements in an agitated tank using a mechanical agitator are studied in order to increase the amount of gas self-induction and the gas retention time for gas absorption. A 45° six-blade downward impeller turbine was utilized in this study. Air and water, air and 40 wt% 60 wt%, and 80 wt% of glycerin water, and air and 106 cP silicon oil were employed as gas and liquid phases. Variables which were studied included geometrical factors (immersed depth of impeller, baffle with and diameter of impeller) and the physical properties of the liquid (viscosity, density, and surface tension). The correlations for the onset speed of impeller and power consumption after gas induction in the agitated tank are established from our experimental results. The amount of gas self-induction from the liquid surface in the agitated tank increases with increasing impeller diameter and speed and decreases with increasing baffle width, depth of impeller and viscosity of liquid.     

An efficient numerical approach, for determining the dispersioncharacteristics of dual-mode elliptical-core optical fibers

Based on vectorial formulations which combine the surface integral equation method and the finite-element method, a novel numerical approach is proposed for calculating the dispersion coefficients of dual-mode elliptical-core fibers with arbitrary refractive index profiles. By differentiating the original formulations involving the propagation constant β and the guided mode fields H_x and H_y once and twice with respect to the normalized frequency V, the new formulations for {dβ/dV, dH_x/dV, dH_y/dV} and for {d²β/dV², d² H_x/dV², d²H_y/dV² } are obtained respectively. Once {β, H_x, H_y } is solved through the eigenvalue procedure which dominates the computing time, only a few matrix manipulations are required to obtain {dβ/dV, dH_x/dV, dH_y/dV} and {d²β/dV², d²H_x/dV² , d²H_y/dV²}. Some numerical examples are examined to see the influence of different refractive index distributions with dips on the dispersions of the four nondegenerate LP ₁₁ modes for elliptical-core fibers     

Substrate-connected high voltage pumping circuits for low supplyvoltages

Novel high voltage pumping circuits for low supply voltages are proposed. Utilising a small pumping circuit and the new substrate-connected techniques can enhance charge transfer efficiency and eliminate the body effect at low supply voltages. Furthermore, a diode-connected transistor technique can improve the reverse charge sharing phenomenon when the output has a load current. With this technique high boosted voltages can be obtained at low supply voltages     

Simple approximations of the DC flux influence on the core losspower electronic ferrites and their use in design of magnetic components

The effect of DC flux on the core loss is examined for the practical range of power and frequency. Relevant core loss equations are derived and applied to an optimization algorithm to determine the minimum core loss at a given ratio of s (DC flux density to AC peak flux density). It has been found that the curves of hysteresis loss density versus the ratio of s exhibit a peak at a critical ratio. Below or above this critical ratio, the loss density decreases drastically. On the other hand, the curves of eddy-current loss density versus the ratio of s exhibits a minimum point at a critical ratio. Below or above this critical ratio, the loss density increases gradually     

Highly compact AC-AC converter achieving a high voltage transferratio

This paper reports a new, highly integrated modular design approach for pulsewidth-modulation AC-AC converters based on a modular phase-bank structure. Novel high-power 3-in-1 integrated bi-directional power modules (IBPM) rated at 1200-V AC and 150 A and the 3-to-1 phase bank circuits have been successfully developed, fabricated and tested. This enables the modularity design of the multiphase converter systems and reduces the critical parasitic inductance. A theoretical analysis of the IBPM's silicon utilization for this new breed of direct power converters has been outlined. A lab prototype at medium power level has been successfully designed, implemented, and tested with good results. A nearly 460-VRMS out voltage at a 1:0.955 voltage transfer ratio, which, perhaps, is the highest performance reported so far in the literature, has been achieved by the novel two-side modulation control system. The converter-fed AC motor system is able to operate over the 0-240 Hz range with inherent regenerative capability and four-quadrant operation. Potential industrial applications are also briefly highlighted in this paper     

A theoretical study of pulsed laser sampling photon amplifiers

Theoretical studies point to significant improvements in the performance of semiconductor laser amplifiers by injecting carriers with pulsed electric currents of sub-nanosecond duration. A pulsed Fabry-Perot amplifier (FPA) is most sensitive to input lightwave at the instant the carrier density is crossing the critical region, and gives a sharply pulsed sampling effect on the input lightwave signal. Compared with a FPA operating at subcritical electron density, the pulsed amplifier gives much higher gain, peak power, and bandwidth. In fact, pulsed operation of a FPA is also expected to give significantly higher gain and about the same peak output power as a traveling wave amplifier. Pulsed operation also improves the performance of a traveling wave amplifier by attenuating its internally reflected waves     

Effects of free convection and mass transfer on the flow past an impulsively moving infinite vertical circular cylinder

The effects of free convection and mass transfer are taken into account for the Stokes' problem of the flow near an impulsively moving infinite vertical circular cylinder. Expressions of the velocity, temperature, concentration and skin friction of the fluid in closed form are obtained by the Laplace transform technique. The results based on various values of the parameters Gr (Grashof number), Gm (modified Grashof number), Sc (Schmidt number) and Pr (Prandtl number) are given in graphical form. It will be seen that there is a rise in the velocity due to the presence of a foreign mass. But higher Sc yields the lower velocity and skin friction. As the radius of the circular cylinder approaches to infinite, the results presented in this paper agree with those of V.M. Soundalgekar's and C.K. Chen's etc. for the flow past an impulsively moving infinite vertical plate.     

China Likely to Resume Oil Futures Soon

China is likely to resume operation of its oil futures this year, according to reports from the media about a futures conference organized by the Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE) in late May. "As China has become an important oil producer and consumer,the demand for our own oil futures market emerges,which will help China oil-related enterprises hedge risks," said Li Ruisheng, vice president of PetroChina's refining and marketing company.     

Direct analysis of transient stability: Experience with the Taipower system

A direct method for transient stability analysis of a multimachine power system is presented. Emphasis is placed on the detailed development and evaluation of the proposed method in transient stability assessment. An energy-type Lyapunov function, taking into account the effect of transfer conductance, is introduced first. The potential energy boundary surface method is then adopted to determine the critical energy value quickly. The main computational burden in the direct method lies in the reduction of the admittance matrices. In this paper, an efficient reduction technique incorporating the sparsity technique and compensation theory is developed. Finally, the proposed method was tested on the Taipower system, which is the only power system in Taiwan. The results obtained confirm the validity and accuracy of the proposed method, and hence demonstrate the superiority and potential of the direct method in real power system applications.