SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT BY A BAYESIAN MODELING

Abstract. The basic ideas underlying the construction of a newly introduced seasonal adjustment procedure by a Bayesian modeling are discussed in detail. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of the concept of the likelihood of a Bayesian model for model selection. The performance of the procedure is illustrated by a numerical example.     

Morphologic alterations and cytokinetic studies of tracheal autograft epithelium in rabbits

BACKGROUND: Although tracheobronchoplasty has been used widely in the field of thoracic surgery, few details of the morphologic changes in and cytokinetics of the graft epithelium have been reported. The aim of this study was to focus on these aspects in autografted rabbit tracheas. METHODS: Resected cervical tracheas were anastomosed immediately after removal, retrieved on postoperative days 1 through 28, and examined morphologically. Mitotic and bromodeoxyuridine-labeling indices of the graft epithelium were analyzed. RESULTS: On postoperative days 1 to 4, the graft epithelium showed focal desquamation at the anastomoses. Ciliated cells disappeared during postoperative days 4 to 7 and then increased gradually. Nonciliated cells retained a somewhat columnar shape on postoperative days 4 to 7, except at denuded foci. Thereafter, the grafts were covered completely with pseudostratified mucociliary epithelium. On postoperative day 4, both indices were maximal and appeared higher at the anastomotic than midgraft sites. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the graft epithelium was preserved during acute ischemia and then started to regenerate. The increased regenerative activity near the anastomoses may be attributable to mechanical damage or different nutritional conditions.     

Frequency- and time-domain analyses of nonuniform lossy coupledtransmission lines with linear and nonlinear terminations

A new technique for the frequency- and time-domain characterization of nonuniform coupled transmission lines is presented in this paper. In the frequency domain, a method-of-moments-based approach is used to compute the 2N×2N scattering parameter matrix of the N-coupled lines using special frequency-dependent basis functions that give good accuracy over very large bandwidths. In the time domain, the structure's S-parameters are used as its Green's function and are combined with source and terminating load conditions to obtain its transient response. The proposed method can account for loss and is particularly suitable for wideband microwave component designs and ultrahigh-speed/large-bandwidth digital interconnects, including nonlinear terminating loads. A detailed formulation of both the frequency- and time-domain approaches is presented. Several examples of two- and three-line structures are analyzed and the results are compared to published results and other computer-aided-design simulations     

A New Two-Branch Amplification Architecture and its Application with Various Modulated Signals

This paper proposes a new two-branch amplification architecture that combines baseband signal decomposition with RF front-end optimization. In the proposed architecture, the filtered modulated signals are separated into two components that are then amplified independently and combined to regenerate an amplified version of the original signal. A branch with an efficient amplifier transmits a low-varying envelope signal that contains the main part of the information. Another branch amplifies the residual portion of the signal. The baseband decomposition and parameters of the RF part are optimized to find the configuration that gives the best power efficiency and linearity. For M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation （M-QAM） signals, this technique is limited in terms of power efficiency. However, for filtered continuous phase modulation （CPM） signals, especially for minimum shift keying （MSK） and Gaussian MSK （GMSK） signals, high power efficiency can be achieved with no significant impact on the overall linearity. The results show that this technique gives better performance than the single-ended ctass-B amplifier.     

Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Fluorescence Microscopy Images Based on ANN Classifier

Mobile Networks and Applications - Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is a clinical biomarker for cancer metastasis. CTCs are cells circulating in the body of patients by being separated from primary...     

An accurate on-wafer deembedding technique with application to HBTdevices characterization

An accurate deembedding technique for on-wafer measurements of an active device's S-parameter is presented in this paper. This deembedding technique accounts in a systematic way for effect of all parasitic elements surrounding the device. These parasitic elements are modeled as a four-port network. Closed-form equations are derived for deembedding purposes of this four-port network. The proposed deembedding technique was used to extract small-signal model parameters of a 2×25 μm emitter GaInP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor device, and excellent agreement between measured and model-simulated S-parameter was obtained up to 30 GHz     

Analysis of a thin slot discontinuity in the reference plane of amicrostrip structure

This paper presents a perturbational approach based upon the spectral domain technique for the analysis of the discontinuity effects introduced by a thin slot in the ground plane of a microstrip line. The discontinuity problem is formulated in terms of the unknown slot field by using the notion of equivalent half-space problems, using a new rigorous procedure for deriving the TE-TM decomposition of the fields and equivalent transmission line models. The perturbation current on the infinite microstrip is computed once the electric field in the slot has been derived, and an equivalent circuit for the discontinuity is obtained from this perturbation current for the low-frequency regime. Computed results are presented and compared to the measured data     

Characteristics of all-optical ultrafast gate switches using cascade of second-harmonic generation and difference frequency mixing in quasi-phase-matched lithium niobate waveguides

In all-optical gate switches that employ the cascade of second-harmonic generation and difference frequency mixing in quasi-phase-matched (QPM) lithium niobate (LN) devices, walkoff between the fundamental and second-harmonic pulses causes crosstalk of the switch. We numerically calculate the switching performance of QPM-LN waveguide devices with consideration for the crosstalk effect, and discuss the favorable choice of the nonlinear optical tensor element for the LN crystal. In the analyses, the device length is maximized for a given bit rate under the condition that the crosstalk is maintained below a critical level that is determined by the allowable power penalty for the switched signal. It is shown that the time offset between the gate and signal pulses can compensate for the walkoff, and can significantly improve the switching efficiency. In ultrafast operation beyond 1 Tbps, the use of the nonlinear optical tensor element d/sub 31/ is found to be favorable when compared to the use of the commonly used maximum tensor element d/sub 33/.     

Dual actions of nitric oxide in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neurotoxicity in cultured retinal neurons

This study was performed to elucidate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated glutamate neurotoxicity in the retina. The experiments were done with primary retinal cultures obtained from 17- to 19-day-old rat fetuses. The NOS activity measured by monitoring the conversion of [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline was approximately 5 pmol/min/mg protein. A 10-min exposure of the cultured cells to glutamate (1 mM) or NMDA (1 mM) followed by a 1-h incubation in a normal medium consistently resulted in 60% cell death. The concomitant addition of an inhibitor of NOS, Nomega-nitro-L-arginine (300 microM), with glutamate or NMDA reduced cell death by 70%. A brief exposure of the cells to sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 500 microM) or S-nitrosocysteine (SNOC, 500 microM), NO-generating agents, caused 60% cell death. Depletion of NO by reduced hemoglobin prevented the cell death induced by either glutamate, NMDA, or NO generating agents. Fifty microM SNOC alone had no effect on the cell viability. However, pretreatment with 50 microM SNOC as well as simultaneous application of 50 microM SNOC with NMDA inhibited cell death induced by NMDA. These findings indicate that a low concentration of NO plays a protective role in glutamate neurotoxicity via closing the NMDA receptor gated ion channel. However, elevated concentrations of NO, interacting with oxygen radicals, become toxic and mediate glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in the cultured retinal neurons.