Propagation delay and power dissipation for different aspect ratio of single-walled carbon nanotube bundled TSV

Through-silicon vias (TSVs) have provided an attractive solution for three-dimensional (3D) integrated devices and circuit technologies with reduced parasitic losses and power dissipation, higher input-output (I/O) density and improved system performance. This paper investigates the propagation delay and average power dissipation of single-walled carbon nanotube bundled TSVs having different via radius and height. Depending on the physical configuration, a comprehensive and accurate analytical model of CNT bundled TSV is employed to represent the via (vertical interconnect access) line of a driver-TSV-load (DTL) system. The via radius and height are used to estimate the bundle aspect ratio (AR) and the cross-sectional area. For a fixed via height, the delay and the power dissipation are reduced up to 96.2% using a SWCNT bundled TSV with AR = 300 : 1 in comparison to AR = 6 : 1.     

Modelling and kinetic aspects of a BTEX contaminated air-treating biofilter

In this study, the overall performance of a biofilter was evaluated in terms of its elimination capacity by using 3-D mesh techniques. The overall results indicate that the agreement between experimental data and model predictions is excellent for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX). In this study, the maximum removal rate (r _max) values for BTEX were 0.0117, 0.0126, 0.0081 and 0.0146 g m^–3 h^–1, and the half-saturation constant (K_S ) values were calculated to be 0.269, 0.297, 0.156 and 0.394 g m^–3, respectively. For this system, the coefficients of determination (r ²) of BTEX compounds were greater than 0.97. The BTEX concentration profiles along the depth were also determined using a convection–diffusion reactor (CDR) model. The sums of squares of the errors (SSEs) of BTEX were 0.0078, 0.0059, 0.0129 and 0.0269, respectively, with r ² values greater than 0.99 for all four compounds at low concentrations.     

Bioaccumulation of As(III)/As(V) ions by living cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum MTCC 2745

Significant factors on simultaneous growth and bioaccumulation of arsenic ions by living cells of bacteria, Corynebacterium glutamicum MTCC 2745, were explored in growth media under experimental conditions like pH and concentrations of arsenic ions. Combined effects of the initial concentrations of peptone and arsenic (either As(III) or As(V)) ions on the specific growth rate and arsenic bioaccumulation competence of the bacteria were studied and optimized using the Response Surface Methodology. Optimum combination predicted via RSM demonstrated that the bacteria were capable of bioaccumulating As(III) and As(V) in the growth medium containing 1000 mg/L arsenic and 9 g/L peptone up to 78.4% and 77.6%, respectively.     

Extrusion of Rice,Bean and Corn Starches: Extrudate Structure and Molecular Changes in Amylose and Amylopectin

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of starch source and amylose content on the expansion ratio, density, and texture of expanded extrudates, as well as to investigate the structural and molecular changes that occur in starch granules as a function of extrusion. The starches employed were rice starches (8%, 20%, and 32% amylose), carioca bean starch (35% amylose), and Hylon V^® corn starch (55% amylose). The extrudates from rice starches containing 20% and 32% amylose exhibited the highest expansion ratio, while, extrudates from Hylon V^® corn starch containing 55% amylose exhibited the lowest expansion ratio. The hardness values of the extrudates with 55% amylose were twice those of the extrudates with 20%, 32%, and 35% amylose. An additional finding was that although the amylopectin promoted the expansion of the gelatinized starch matrix, it failed to strengthen and sustain the walls of the extrudate bubbles during expansion.     

Effect of sonication on thermolysin hydrolysis of ovotransferrin

The effect of sonication on proteolytic hydrolysis of ovotransferrin and bioactivities of the hydrolysates were investigated, and the large peptide fragments left in the hydrolysate were characterised. The results showed that sonication could increase the reactive sulphydryl groups in 5% ovotransferrin solution by 50%, although there were no improvements in the overall degree of hydrolysis. Furthermore, SDS–PAGE and reverse-phase HPLC profiles did not show difference of the treated samples. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, but not antioxidant activity, of the thermolysin hydrolysate was improved in a dose dependent manner at prolonged sonication time. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis revealed that thermolysin hydrolysate was composed of 926 peptides, of 99% having masses lower than 10 kDa and of 1% larger than 10 kDa derived from both N- and C-lobes of ovotransferrin.     

Crystal chemistry modification of lithium nickel cobalt oxide cathodes for lithium ion rechargeable batteries

As a cathode material for lithium ion rechargeable batteries, LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ (LNCO) is one of the most attractive candidates for high power electronic devices. In the present work, we have synthesized LNCO powder by solid-state route. The discharge capacity and the capacity retention of LNCO cathode are found to be 100 mAh g⁻¹ and 63%, respectively. Molybdenum doping, replacing parts of cobalt ion in LNCO lattice increases the discharge capacity (157 mAh g⁻¹) and improve its capacity retention characteristics. Through X-ray Rietveld analyses, we have found that Mo doping increases the inter-slab spacing between the (Co,Ni)O₂ octahedral layers which provides easier Li¹⁺ intercalation leading to improved electrochemical properties in the modified cathode.