An analysis of bottom entry nozzles for atmospheric storage tanks

In this paper, we describe the analysis of soil settlement in the vicinity of a bottom entry nozzle of an atmospheric storage tank for several practical loadings. These are the pressure of the liquid stored in the tank, the body force of the rock and soil foundation, and an external moment applied to the nozzle where it emerges from the foundation. The foundation is modelled as a three-dimensional elastic medium which can support no tensile stress and is composed of two materials (rock and soil) with an elastic cylindrical shell embedded in the rock phase. The solution is accomplished with a general-purpose finite element program (ICES—STRUDL II). The overall conclusion reached is that bottom entry nozzles are acceptable for tankage installed on reasonably good soil.     

Structural effects on equilibria and rates of metal extraction

The correlations by linear free energy relationships (LFER) of published equilibrium and rate data on metal extraction by organic compounds are discussed. The extraction equilibria concerning one metal and a series of structurally related extractants can be successfully correlated by the Hammett or Taft equations. For rate data, the correlation with partition coefficients of the extractants between organic phase and water, estimated from structural fragments, seems to be possible. The requirements on the quality of rate data are discussed. The approach is promising with respect to the prediction of extractant performance.     

A large electro-magnetic pump for high temperature LMFBR applications

A 14 500 gal/min (3300 m³/hr) electro-magnetic (EM) axial annular linear induction pump with center return (ALIP-CR), was designed to satisfy the requirements of Section III and Code Case 1592 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. One of the important features of this EM pump is that there are no moving parts. Every significant loading condition was considered in the stress analysis of this pump for a liquid metal (Na) fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) application. An axisymmetric overall stress model (finite element) was first set up to analyze the stress state within the pump duct which has a pressure boundary with the conventional pressure vessel features. Axisymmetric loading such as pressure and thermal loads as well as non-axisymmetric loading such as seismic and vibration loads were taken into account. Local analyses were then performed for specific critical areas to supplement the overall model and to substantiate the adequacy of the design. Analytical results show that the EM pump is an acceptable and an attractive design for high temperature LMFBR applications.     

Preparation of substituted carbonyl compounds by catalytic dehydrogenation of substituted alcohols

Possibilities for the preparation of substituted ketones by catalytic dehydrogenation of corresponding secondary alcohols were explored using a ZnO–Cr₂O₃ catalyst at 370–400°C. It was found that addition of about 1 wt% of sodium to the catalyst increases the yield of the ketone because the competitive dehydration of the alcohol is suppressed. Further improvement of the process was achieved by adding 20 wt% of water to the alcohol feed, which inhibited catalyst deactivation. Preparative experiments were conducted and 1-methoxy-2-propanone, 1-methoxy-2-butanone, 1-phenoxy-2-propanone and 2-methoxy-1-cyclohexanone were obtained.     

Structure–concentration equivalence in carbon black reinforcement of elastomers. III. Application to tensile strength

Using carbon blacks of constant specific surface area and surface chemical characteristics, but differing in degree of structure, it is shown that tensile strength, elongation at break and rupture energy are functions of the product av₂, where v₂ is the volume concentration of carbon black and a is a structure dependent factor. Moreover, reductions of failure data to a common effective filler concentration are accomplished with the identical structure factors used earlier in modulus reductions. The values of the structure factors are linearly related to the dibutyl phthalate (DBP) absorption of carbon black, when care is taken to equalize the packing density prior to conducting the DBP test.     

Quantitative Bestimmung von Phosphatidylcholin mit Hilfe der HPLC

Quantitative Determination of Phosphatidyl Choline by Means of HPLC A HPLC method for a fast quantitative determination of phosphatidyl choline in soya bean lecithine is described. The separation was carried out on Li Chrosorb SI 60. The detection took place at 206 nm. Comparing this method with the results of the up to now used choline determination by Reineckat precipitation and by statistical evaluation it could be significantly established that the HPLC method (variation coefficient 1.1) is superior to the Reineckat method (variation coefficient 2.6).     

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