Ernährungsphysiologische Wirkung erucasäurearmer Rapsöle auf Schweine 3. Wirkung auf Depotfette und Leberlipide

Nutritional Effect of Low-Erucic Rapeseed Oils on Pigs: 3. Effect on Depot Fat and Liver Lipids After feeding pigs for 17 and 119 days, respectively, the back fat, intestinal fat, and liver lipids were examined in order to study the effect of the type and amount of fat on these organs. Different mixtures of rapeseed oils containing up to 22.5% erucic acid as well as the low-erucic Lesira Oil did not have any negative effect on the tissues analyzed. The concentration of palmitic acid and linoleic acid in the tissue lipids showed characteristic dependence on the concentration of fat in the diet (palmitic acid) or on the total amount fed (linoleic acid). The conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in the liver seems to be influenced by the linolenic acid content of the dietary fat.     

A Lead/graphite accumulator using aqueous hydrofluoric acid

In this paper a new aqueous accumulator is described and its main advantages and disadvantages are discussed. It consists of a lead negative electrMore than 1000 cycles were completed in 40% HF while in 60% HF 3000 cycles were exceeded. The conversion of the electrolyte and the graphite was 1% andThe cell promises to be cheap with a very good cycle life and, although the theoretical energy density is only 62 W h kg^?1, 30 W h kg^?1 sho     

Complexity of ideals in finite semigroups and finite-state machines

# _G (S) denotes the complexity of a finite semigroup as introduced by Krohn and Rhodes. IfI is a maximal ideal or maximal left ideal of a semigroupS, then# _G (I) ? # _G (S) ? # _G (I) + 1. Thus, ifV is an ideal ofS with# _G (S) = n ? k = # _G (V), then there is a chain of ideals ofS

$$V = V_k \subset V_{k + 1} \subset ... \subset V_n \subseteq S$$     

Solubility of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in molten salts and its influence on current efficiency in aluminum electrolysis

The solubility of CO₂ at atmospheric pressure in various simple alkali halides and cryolite-alumina mixtures has been determined. Different methods have been employed; a stripping, a volumetric, a thermogravimetric, and a “chilling” method. The results of the latter three methods are in satisfactory agreement. For the pure halides, a simple hole model for the liquids, originally used to correlate inert gas solubilities in various molten salt solvents, is shown to be applicable also in the case of carbon dioxide. In cryolite-alumina mixtures the carbon dioxide seems to react chemically to some extent with ionic species in the melt, effecting a higher solubility in these melts than in the pure halides. The influence of dissolved CO₂ on the secondary reactions taking place during the aluminum electrolysis is discussed.     

Zusammensetzung einiger koreanischer Samenöle

Composition of Some Korean Seed Oils Seeds of some Korean plants, used in popular medicine, were investigated for oil content, fatty acid composition and sterol composition. Two seed oils of conifers contained unusual polyenoic acids having 18 and 20 C-atoms. cis-5, cis-9, cis-12-Octadecatrienoic acid was identified as one of the major component fatty acids in the seed oil of Pinus koraiensis. Apart from their medicinal use, some of the investigated seeds of angiosperms, such as perilla, sesame or rape, are used mainly for oil extraction. The oils in the varieties cultivated in Korea do not differ in their fatty acid composition from the figures considered as average composition in Europe.     

Carbon-11-thymidine and FDG to measure therapy response

This study was performed to determine if PET imaging with 11C-thymidine could measure tumor response to chemotherapy early after the initiation of treatment. Imaging of deoxyriboneucleic acid biosynthesis, quantitated with 11C-thymidine, was compared with measurements of tumor energetics, obtained by imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). METHODS: We imaged four patients with small cell lung cancer and two with high-grade sarcoma both before and approximately 1 wk after the start of chemotherapy. Thymidine and FDG studies were done on the same day. Tumor uptake was quantified by standardized uptake values (SUVs) for both tracers by the metabolic rate of FDG and thymidine flux constant (K(TdR)) using regions of interest placed on the most active part of the tumor. RESULTS: In the four patients with clinical response to treatment, both thymidine and FDG uptake markedly declined 1 wk after therapy. Thymidine measurements of SUV and K(TdR) declined by 64% +/- 15% and 84% +/- 33%, respectively. FDG SUV and the metabolic rate of FDG declined by 51% +/- 9% and 63% +/- 23%, respectively. In the patient with metastatic small cell lung cancer who had disease progression, the thymidine SUV decreased by only 8% (FDG not done). In a patient with abdominal sarcoma and progressive disease, thymidine SUV was essentially unchanged (declined by 3%), whereas FDG SUV increased by 69%. CONCLUSION: Images show a decline in both cellular energetics and proliferative rate after successful chemotherapy. In the two patients with progressive disease, thymidine uptake was unchanged 1 wk after therapy. In our limited series, K(TdR) measurements showed a complete shutdown in tumor proliferation in patients in whom FDG showed a more limited decrease in glucose metabolism.     

Severe congenital hyperthyroidism caused by a germ-line neo mutation in the extracellular portion of the thyrotropin receptor

Gain of function mutations in the TSH receptor (TSHR) have been identified as the molecular basis for congenital and acquired forms of autonomous thyroid function. Herein, we report the molecular characterization of a case of severe congenital hyperthyroidism with a history of hyperthyroidism in the paternal aunt and the paternal grandmother, who were both found to be heterozygous for a mutation (R528H) located in exon 10 of the TSHR gene. Functional expression of the mutant TSHR-R528H in COS-7 cells, however, did not result in constitutive activity of the TSHR. Subsequent analysis of exons 1-9 led to the detection of an additional heterozygous mutation (S281N) in the patient, but not in other family members. Interestingly, the latter mutation is located in the extracellular domain of the TSHR, and functional studies revealed a marked increase in basal cAMP levels when the mutant receptor was expressed in COS-7 cells. To address the question of whether both mutations were present on the same allele, a double mutant TSHR (S281N/R528H) was generated and characterized. These functional studies in conjunction with RT-PCR analysis of thyroid tissue obtained from subtotal thyroidectomy performed at the age of 6 yr revealed that the patient bears two distinct mutations on different alleles: the familial paternal R528H mutation to be regarded as a polymorphism and a de novo mutation (S281N) on the maternal allele accounting for the clinical picture. Thus, the main conclusions to be drawn from this case are 1) a search for mutations in cases of congenital nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism should not remain restricted to exon 10 of the TSHR gene, because germ-line gain of function mutations of the TSH receptor can be located outside of the transmembrane core of the receptor; and 2) this case illustrates the necessity for careful functional characterization of any novel mutation before a causal relationship to hyperthyroidism can be established.