谷糠多酚对酒精性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用

目的：初步阐明谷糠多酚对酒精性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用以及具体分子机制,为谷糠多酚在饮酒人群胃黏膜损伤营养干预方面的应用提供科学依据。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠连续3 周每天灌胃50 mg/kg mb谷糠多酚,干预结束后通过灌胃体积分数75%乙醇溶液建立急性酒精性胃黏膜损伤模型;利用不同剂量（1～15 μg/mL）谷糠多酚对人胃黏膜上皮细胞（GES-1）处理24 h,继而通过1 000 mmol/L酒精继续作用12 h建立酒精性GES-1细胞损伤及干预模型;通过解剖观察大鼠胃组织形态学及病理结构,评价谷糠多酚对大鼠胃黏膜组织的保护作用;结合细胞形态变化及存活情况评价谷糠多酚对GES-1细胞的保护作用;通过测定氧化应激和细胞凋亡相关指标,评价谷糠多酚对急性酒精性胃黏膜损伤大鼠及GES-1细胞的抗氧化和抑制凋亡能力的影响。结果：谷糠多酚可以有效预防酒精引起的大鼠胃黏膜及GES-1细胞损伤,极显著缓解酒精引起的GES-1细胞活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）水平升高（P＜0.01）;同时极显著缓解大鼠胃黏膜组织和GES-1细胞中丙二醛（methane dicarboxylic aldehyde,MDA）水平升高（P＜0.01）,提高超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活力,明显抑制酒精引起的细胞凋亡。结论：谷糠多酚能够通过缓解酒精引起的胃黏膜上皮细胞氧化损伤从而保护胃黏膜。     

Territorial development in the Cape Verde archipelago under the Estado Novo dictatorship (1953–1974)

Despite Portugal's neutrality in the Second World War (1939–1945), the subsequent new world order meant that the Portuguese Government felt obliged to revise its overseas policies. A new regional awareness could be seen in the Six-Year National Development Plans launched by Estado Novo from 1953 until the revolution of 1974. The territory and its strategic potential were emphasized in the context of national policies of overseas urbanization. Interventions in Cape Verde are visible particularly in the First Development Plan, which was based on equipping the province's public facilities. The methodology of intervention involved setting up missions aimed at planning a set of specific public works which were essential to the development of existing settlements. A sharp increase in the development of the territory through the work of specialized brigades took place in the Third Development Plan, when a set of public works on road, hydraulic and electricity networks was undertaken. The planning of infrastructures that was undertaken in these years was essential to the development of the archipelago and the resulting regional and urban land-use planning of the various islands.     

Reactive ion etching of PECVD silicon nitride in SF6 plasma

The reactive ion etching of PECVD silicon nitride thin films has been investigated using SF₆ plasma. Effects of variations of process parameters such as pressure (50–350 mTorr), RF power (50–250 W), gas flow rate (3–130 sccm) and additions of O₂ and He (0–50%) in SF₆, on the PECVD silicon nitride etch rate and selectivity to the AZ 1350J photoresist were examined. An etch rate of 1 μm/min has been obtained under the condition of 150 mTorr, 100 W and 60 sccm. Experimental results also indicated a maximum etch rate at approximately 30% O₂ while addition of He showed only dilution effect. A nitride/photoresist selectivity ranging from 1 to 3:1 has been obtained.     

Periodic Copula Autoregressive Model Designed to Multivariate Streamflow Time Series Modelling

Water Resources Management - It is a challenge to develop models that can represent the stochastic behaviour of rivers and basins. Currently used streamflow models were constructed under rigid...     

Assessment of risk for severe hypoglycemia among adults with IDDM: validation of the low blood glucose index

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical/research utility of the low blood glucose index (LBGI), a measure of the risk of severe hypoglycemia (SH), based on self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: There were 96 adults with IDDM (mean age 35+/-8 years, duration of diabetes 16+/-10 years, HbA1 8.6+/-1.8%), 43 of whom had a recent history of SH (53 did not), who used memory meters for 135+/-53 SMBG readings over a month, and then for the next 6 months recorded occurrence of SH. The SMBG data were mathematically transformed, and an LBGI was computed for each patient. RESULTS: The two patient groups did not differ with respect to HbA1, insulin units per day, average blood glucose (BG) and BG variability. Patients with history of SH demonstrated a higher LBGI (P < 0.0005) and a trend to be older with longer diabetes duration. Analysis of odds for future SH classified patients into low- (LBGI <2.5), moderate- (LBGI 2.5-5), and high- (LBGI >5) risk groups. Over the following 6 months low-, moderate-, and high-risk patients reported 0.4, 2.3, and 5.2 SH episodes, respectively (P = 0.001). The frequency of future SH was predicted by the LBGI and history of SH (R2 = 40%), while HbA1, age, duration of diabetes, and BG variability were not significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: LBGI provides an accurate assessment of risk of SH. In the traditional relationship history of SH-to-future SH, LBGI may be the missing link that reflects present risk. Because it is based on SMBG records automatically stored by many reflectance meters, the LBGI is an effective and clinically useful on-line indicator for SH risk.     

Circadian variations in the occurrence of cardiac arrests: initial and repeat episodes

The purpose of this study was to predict diameters of lesions induced by laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from MRI signal/tissue temperature correlations during on-line monitoring with a temperature-sensitive fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence. Twenty LITT procedures with Nd:YAG (1,064 nm) and diode (830 nm) lasers were monitored on line with a T1-weighted FLASH sequence at 1.5 Tesla. Interstitial prostate temperature (T) was measured on line in 10 LITT procedures and laser energy deposition in 12. Slopes of linear regression curves for signal intensity (SI) over T were applied to determine SI at 60 degrees C to estimate diameters of intraprostatic LITT lesions. Diameters of unperfused LITT lesion cores in contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images served as gold standards. Linear regression curves with an average slope of -.54% SI/degrees C were obtained in 17 LITT procedures. Correlation coefficients were r = .92-.95 for SI/T and SI/energy deposition. Baseline variation of SI at body temperature was +/-3.9%, corresponding to +/-7 degrees C. Prediction of size (13 lesions) from on-line FLASH imaging was correct in 10 of 13, whereas 3 lesions were overestimated. Prediction of LITT lesion diameters from on-line MRI monitoring is possible with a temperature-sensitive FLASH sequence in the prostate. Accuracy may suffice to assign target regions of interest to tissue locations to be protected from coagulation.     

Effect of radiographic positioning on interpretation of cubital joint congruity in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain effects of x-ray beam centering and limb position on apparent congruity of a normal cubital joint (elbow). ANIMALS: 6 skeletally mature male Treeing Walker Coonhounds without physical, radiographic, or gross evidence of elbow abnormalities. PROCEDURE: Relative movement among humerus, radius, and ulna and measured joint space width on mediolateral and craniocaudal radiographic views was compared, using various x-ray beam centering and limb positions. RESULTS: Highest agreement and greatest certainty on subjective determination of congruity was for the flexed 90 degrees mediolateral radiographic view with the x-ray beam centered on the elbow. Distortion artifact of the proximal ulnar measurements was significant when the x-ray beam was centered on the midpoint of the radius. On the mediolateral view, the humeroradial joint space became significantly wide when the elbow was flexed. On the craniocaudal view, maximal humeroradial joint space width was obtained when the x-ray beam bisected the angle of the joint or was angled +30 degrees toward the humerus. CONCLUSIONS: Artifact distortion of joint width affected objective and subjective assessment of elbow congruity when the limb was placed in extreme flexion or extension or when the x-ray beam was not centered over the area of interest. Optimal visualization of the humeroradial joint space on the craniocaudal view was achieved when the x-ray beam bisected the angle of the elbow or was slightly angled toward the humerus. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Elbow congruity was best assessed on the flexed 90 degrees lateral radiographic view with the x-ray beam centered on the joint.