Emulsion characteristics of salad dressings as affected by caprine whey protein concentrates

Caprine whey protein concentrates (WPC) were incorporated as emulsifiers in a salad dressing. The concentrates were manufactured by ultrafiltration-diafiltration with or without previous clarification by thermocalcic precipitation. Aggregates obtained in the clarification treatment and a commercial bovine WPC were also used as emulsifiers. Good emulsifying properties of caprine products were observed. Dressings made with caprine products showed higher firmness and stability than dressings made with bovine WPC. Thermocalcic precipitation improved the properties of caprine WPC. Aggregates modified the colour of dressings contributing to a more yellowish aspect. Microstructure of emulsions was affected by the type of protein.     

Psychometric evaluation of the Reasons for Living Inventory.

Examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL; M. M. Linehan et al; see record 1983-20123-001) in a sample of college students with a range of suicidal ideation and behaviors. An exploratory factor analysis of the 48-item RFL extracted 6 factors, similar to those described by Linehan et al. All coefficients alpha and item–subscale correlations were adequate. Additional nonclinical normative data are presented. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) identified 3 significant discriminant functions for group separation. Correlational analyses provided information about the relationships between the RFL and other self-report measures of suicide risk and general psychopathology. Three RFL subscales were useful in predicting suicide risk and general psychopathology. Limitations and future research issues are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cellular retinyl esters and retinol among parenchymal and stellate cells in normal rat liver

[11,12-³H] Retinyl acetate (100 μg/20 μCi/rat) in corn oil was fed by stomach tube to normal male Wistar-Furth rats (∼250 g body weight). After 15 days, the contents of retinyl esters and retinol (total retinol) and their³H-radioactivity were measured in the whole liver, crude parenchymal cells and the purified parenchymal cells, employing differential centrifugation, centrifugal elutriation and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Of the total liver retinol (nmol/g liver), the crude parenchymal cells had nearly 90%, whereas the purified parenchymal cells had only 21% based on HPLC analysis. Furthermore, of the total liver retinol radioactivity (dpm/g liver) the crude parenchymal cell fraction had 85%, while the purified parenchymal cell fraction had only 16%. Based on the cell number, the crude parenchymal cell fraction was contaminated by retinoid-rich stellate cells to the extent of 4%. It, therefore, was concluded that the parenchymal cells accounted for 16–21%, whereas the stellate cells contributed 79–84% of total retinol stored in the liver under normal steady-state conditions. It also was calculated that on a per mg basis, stellate cells had 200 times more total retinol than parenchymal cells, whereas on a per cell basis each stellate cell had 74 times more total retinol than a parenchymal cell.     

Composition and potential uses of mesquite pods (Prosopis pallida L): Comparison with carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua L)

The composition of mesquite pods (Prosopis pallida L) (PP), a legume cultivated in the large desert areas of Peru, was studied. These fruits have at the present time very little practical or commercial use. Taking into account the morphological and compositional similarities to Mediterranean carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua L) (CS), which are widely used in the food industry, some applications of PP are considered. PP shows better nutritional properties than CS, mainly owing to its lower polyphenolic content and higher protein digestibility.     

Sex preferences in sociometric choices.

Sex biases in children's sociometric preferences were examined developmentally using rating-scale data from 195 girls and 191 boys in kindergarten through the third grade (Study 1) and from 91 girls and 88 boys in the third through sixth grades (Study 2). Results of both studies indicated that children at each grade level rated opposite-sex classmates significantly lower than same-sex classmates. Furthermore, there was a significant linear trend for children's sex biases to increase with age, with this trend being particularly pronounced in the younger grades (i.e., kindergarten to Grade 3). Specifically, children received significantly lower ratings from opposite-sex peers in Grade 3 than they received in kindergarten, Grade 1, and Grade 2. Results are discussed in terms of future research in the area of sociometric assessment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interactional group therapy for anorexic and bulimic women.

Describes interactional group therapy for anorexic and bulimic women, as it was used for 12 groups (with 4–8 Ss each) conducted over 4.5 yrs. Bulimics and anorexics were combined because it is believed that the 2 types of eating-disordered patients have much that they can learn from each other. Group themes particularly relevant to eating-disordered women are discussed, including confidentiality, sexuality, commonalities between the 2 types, and transference. Stages in the evolution of the group and strategies for facilitating group process are reviewed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Negative outcome in psychotherapy and what to do about it.

Reviews the book, Negative outcome in psychotherapy and what to do about it edited by Daniel T. Mays and Cyril M. Franks (1985). Negative outcome in psychotherapy is a topic of great importance to the field. The treatment of this topic by Mays and Franks is a comprehensive and ambitious one. Their goals, as outlined in the Introduction, are to 1) generate a definition of negative outcome, 2) bring some preliminary closure to the negative outcome debate, 3) identify contributing variables and 4) offer suggestions for research and treatment application. They proceed to do this through an edited volume, consisting of 14 chapters, which fall into six sections and an Appendix. Of the goals that the editors set for themselves in the Introduction, the most important one, to this reviewer's mind, was not even mentioned--that is, the development of a theoretical framework from which future research can develop. It is this synthesis that makes the book particularly valuable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Factors influencing cortisol and behavioral responses to maternal separation in guinea pigs.

Infant guinea pigs recently were found to respond to brief maternal separation with an increase in plasma cortisol (COR) levels. The present experiments were conducted to further characterize this response and compare it with the COR separation response previously observed in primates. In Exp 1, separation of guinea pig pups from their mothers did not elevate the plasma COR levels of the pups at either 30 or 180 min when they remained alone in their home cages during the separation. Exp 2 showed that COR levels of pups placed alone in a novel cage were greater at 30, 90, and 180 min than were those of pups placed in the cages together with their mothers. In contrast, the separated pups vocalized more than did pups tested with their mothers during the initial 30 min only. In Exp 3, pups raised on inanimate surrogates responded less intensely to rearing-figure separation in terms of COR and vocalizations than did mother-reared controls. Results indicate differences (response to home cage separation) and similarities (dissociation of COR and vocalization responses, effect of surrogate separation) in the separation responses of guinea pig and primate infants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)