Some New Band Characteristics in One-Dimensional Plasma Dielectric Photonic Crystals

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in one-dimensional plasma dielectric photonic crystals, the superlattice structure consisting of alternating plasma and die...     

Shared memory multiprocessor architectures for software IP routers

We propose new shared memory multiprocessor architectures and evaluate their performance for future Internet protocol (IP) routers based on symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) and cache coherent nonuniform memory access (CC-NUMA) paradigms. We also propose a benchmark application suite, RouterBench, which consists of four categories of applications representing key functions on the time-critical path of packet processing in routers. An execution driven simulation environment is created to evaluate SMP and CC-NUMA router architectures using this RouterBench. The execution driven simulation can produce accurate cycle-level execution time prediction and reveal the impact of various architectural parameters on the performance of routers. We port the FUNET trace and its routing table for use in our experiments. We find that the CC-NUMA architecture provides an excellent scalability for design of high-performance IP routers. Results also show that the CC-NUMA architecture can sustain good lookup performance, even at a high frequency of route updates.     

Parallel self-organising hierarchical neural network based estimation of degree of voltage insecurity

Increased interconnections and loading of power systems, sometimes, lead to insecure operation. Since insecure cases often represent the most severe threats to secure system operation, it is important that the user be provided with a measure for quantifying the severity of the cases both in planning and operational stages of a power system. The Euclidean distance to the closest secure operating point has been used as a measure of the degree of insecurity. Recently, artificial neural networks are proposed increasingly for complex and time-consuming problems of power system. This paper presents a parallel self-organised hierarchical neural network based approach for estimation of the degree of voltage insecurity. Angular distance based clustering is used to select the input features. The proposed method has been tested on IEEE 30-bus system and a practical 75-bus Indian system and found to be suitable for real time implementation in Energy management centre.     

Electron Spin Resonance Evaluation of Buccal Membrane Fluidity Alterations by Sodium Caprylate and L-Menthol

The ability of sodium caprylate and l-menthol to fluidize phospholipid bilayers composed of lipids simulating the buccal epithelium was investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR) to evaluate the action of these agents as permeation enhancers. 5-Doxyl stearic acid (5-DSA) and 16-doxyl stearic acid (16-DSA) were used as spin labels to identify alterations in membrane fluidity near the polar head groups or inner acyl regions of the lipid bilayer, respectively. The molecular motion of both 5-DSA and 16-DSA showed increased disorder near the polar and inner hydrophobic regions of the bilayer in the presence of sodium caprylate suggesting fluidization in both the regions, which contributes to its permeation enhancing effects. L-menthol decreased the order parameter for 16-DSA, showing membrane fluidization only in the inner acyl regions of the bilayer, which also corresponded to its weaker permeation enhancing effects. The rapid evaluation of changes in fluidity of the bilayer in the presence of potential permeation enhancers using ESR enables improved selection of effective permeation enhancers and enhancer combinations based on their effect on membrane fluidization.     

Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the functional,antioxidant, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties of whole horse gram flour

Food Science and Biotechnology - Horse gram hydrolysate (HGH) with different degree of hydrolysis (DH) (20, 25, 35, 40, and 45%) was prepared from whole horse gram flour using alcalase. The amino...     

Intuitionistic Fuzzy Proximal Support Vector Machines for Pattern Classification

Neural Processing Letters - Support vector machine is a powerful technique for classification and regression problems. In the binary data problems, it classifies the points by assigning them to one...     

Stereoselective Synthesis of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropapyranone by Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of Vinylogous Carbonates: Application to the Total Synthesis of (±)-Diospongin B

An intramolecular, stereoselective cyclopropanation of vinylogous carbonates with carbenes using copper catalyst is developed for the synthesis of donor-acceptor substituted cyclopropapyranones. Completely regioselective ring cleavage of each of the cyclopropane bonds was achieved under suitable reaction conditions, leading to a diverse array of cyclic ethers. The developed method is utilized in the total synthesis of (±)-diospongin B.     

Triaxial apparatus equipped with elastic waves and matric suction measurement techniques

A recently developed technique for elastic wave measurement, a disk transducer method, and a pressure membrane technique for suction measurement were merged into a modified triaxial testing apparatus enabling the procurement of both the elastic waves and the matric suction of a cylindrical specimen. The apparatus was employed to evaluate the variation in suction in sandy soil possessing a low range of suction (less than 100?kPa). Fine sand with two types of fines, namely, non-plastic silt and kaolin clay, was mixed with Toyoura sand in order to prepare sandy soil specimens. Both compressional and shear wave velocities were evaluated in conjunction with the associated matric suction. The matric suction was varied by injecting water into the specimens, and the relevant elastic wave velocities were obtained by a disk transducer. This research has corroborated the applicability of the disk transducer method to unsaturated soil specimens as well as the effects of matric suction on the mechanical behaviour of sandy soils possessing a low range of suction.