Flow characteristics of natural circulation in a lead–bismuth eutectic loop

Lead and lead-alloys are proposed in future advanced nuclear system as coolant and spallation target.To test the natural circulation and gas-lift and obtain thermal-hydraulics data for computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and system code validation, a lead–bismuth eutectic rectangular loop, the KYLIN-Ⅱ Thermal Hydraulic natural circulation test loop, has been designed and constructed by the FDS team. In this paper, theoretical analysis on natural circulation thermal-hydraulic performance is described and the steady-state natural circulation experiment is performed. The results indicated that the natural circulation capability depends on the loop resistance and the temperature and center height differences between the hot and cold legs. The theoretical analysis results agree well with,while the CFD deviate from, the experimental results.     

席夫碱化合物及其复配体系对碳钢缓蚀性能的研究

采用极化曲线、交流阻抗法对比研究了3-甲基-4-胺基缩肉桂醛-5-巯基-1,2,4-三氮唑席夫碱(MACHMT)与其原料的复配体系肉桂醛(CA)、3-甲基-4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-均三唑(简称MACMT)对Q235碳钢在25℃下、0.5mol/L盐酸介质中的缓蚀性能,并探讨了这两种缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理。实验表明,肉桂醛与3-甲基-4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-均三唑的复配体系对Q235碳钢的整体缓蚀性和稳定性均高于相同浓度席夫碱化合物MACHMT。     

厌氧生物滤池在生活污水厌氧-好氧组合处理工艺中的应用

摘要：根据农村生活污水的特点及选择处理工艺应考虑的因素,构建了适应分散式生活污水处理要求的“厌氧消化-缺氧-好氧-人工湿地”组合工艺。本文系统阐述了厌氧生物滤池反应单元在“厌氧消化-缺氧-好氧-人工湿地”工艺去除化学需氧量(COD)的作用,着重分析了水力停留时间（HRT）对厌氧生物滤池处理效果、产气效能、运行特性的影响规律。研究结果表明,厌氧生物滤池单元经过65d的中低温驯化后稳定运行,在HRT为72h条件下,厌氧系统污水COD去除率约37.8%。与跌水接触氧化和人工湿地工艺联用后,平均出水COD 39.3mg•L-1,平均去除率为86.2%,满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）中COD项目的一级A标准。     

基于J油田生产数据的抽油机井平衡度研究

采用现场数据跟踪分析的方法分析了J油田平衡度的影响因素、平衡度调整前后的变化以及平衡度调整的周期。结果表明,原油黏度越大,抽油机井平衡度越低;对于蒸汽吞吐转抽后的油井,平衡度在0~80d内平衡度较差,在81~240d内平衡度较好,在240d以后平衡度又变得较差;抽油机使用天数与平衡度关系不大,皮带式抽油机比游梁式抽油机的平衡度高;调整抽油机井平衡,抽油机的有效功率增加,泵的充满程度增加,泵效提高;平衡度增加10%~50%,用电量节省11.2~23.2kW·h,节省电量3.9%~14.2%;随着平衡度差值变大,抽油机井用电量增加。新一轮注汽结束后,建议开采7d后开始调节平衡,对于黏度较大的井,应当加强平衡度调整频率;对于生产较稳定,黏度适中的油井,每间隔21~78d调节1次。     

双酚AF型聚碳酸酯的制备与性能

以三光气和双酚AF为原料,采用界面缩聚法合成双酚AF型聚碳酸酯,得到最佳的聚合条件为：三光气和双酚AF的物质的量之比为1.3∶3,催化剂三乙胺的用量为双酚AF质量的4%,反应温度为35℃,反应时间为60 min。通过傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱、乌氏黏度计、同步热分析仪、热变形/维卡软化温度测试仪及极限氧指数测定仪对制备样品进行了结构和性能表征,结果表明,制备样品为双酚AF型聚碳酸酯,样品的黏均分子量为32000。玻璃化转变温度为164.3℃,热失重5%的温度为440.8℃,热变形温度为149℃、维卡软化温度为157℃,具有较好的耐热性能;极限氧指数为29.5%,具有较好的阻燃性能。样品经碱溶液浸泡后质量损失率较小,耐碱腐蚀性能较好。样品在很多有机溶剂中都有很好的的溶解性。     

氧化温度和分散剂种类对Si3N4浆料性能的影响

研究了自蔓延燃烧合成Si₃N₄粉的氧化处理（在空气气氛中分别于400、600、800℃保温3 h）以及添加的分散剂种类（分别为聚丙烯酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、木质素磺酸钙）对制备的Si₃N₄浆料的抗沉降性、ζ电位和黏度的影响。结果表明：1)在空气气氛中于800℃保温3 h氧化处理后,粉体中Si₂N₂O含量增多;用其制备的浆料的稳定性最好,ζ电位绝对值较大,黏度最小。2)以六偏磷酸钠作为分散剂制备的Si₃N₄浆料的稳定性较好,ζ电位绝对值最大,黏度最小。3)添加0.021%（w）六偏磷酸钠制备的Si₃N₄浆料的ζ电位绝对值最大,黏度较小。     

分析化学实验绿色化探索——以铁含量测定为例

探索分析化学实验教学绿色化对于培养学生的环保意识和创新能力具有重要意义.本文以"铁含量测定"这一实验项目为例,从绿色试剂替代重金属及有毒试剂出发,探讨了实验教学绿色化的可行性.结果表明,采用抗坏血酸做还原剂结合分光光度法测定铁含量不仅可以替代有毒试剂、降低试剂消耗,而且适用于固体和液体样品;新方案稳定性和重现性好,适用...     

Rational design on photoelectrodes and devices to boost photoelectrochemical performance of solar-driven water splitting: a mini review

As an eco-friendly, efficient, and low-cost technique, photoelectrochemical water splitting has attracted growing interest in the production of clean and sustainable hydrogen by the conversion of abundant solar energy. In the photoelectrochemical system, the photoelectrode plays a vital role in absorbing the energy of sunlight to trigger the water splitting process and the overall efficiency depends largely on the integration and design of photoelectrochemical devices. In recent years, the optimization of photoelectrodes and photoelectrochemical devices to achieve highly efficient hydrogen production has been extensively investigated. In this paper, a concise review of recent advances in the modification of nanostructured photoelectrodes and the design of photoelectrochemical devices is presented. Meanwhile, the general principles of structural and morphological factors in altering the photoelectrochemical performance of photoelectrodes are discussed. Furthermore, the performance indicators and first principles to describe the behaviors of charge carriers are analyzed, which will be of profound guiding significance to increasing the overall efficiency of the photoelectrochemical water splitting system. Finally, current challenges and prospects for an in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms using advanced characterization technologies and potential strategies for developing novel photoelectrodes and advanced photoelectrochemical water splitting devices are demonstrated.