Experimental study on prediction model of wet gas pressure drop across single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes in the low gas phase Froude number region

The pressure drop prediction of wet gas across single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes had been solved satisfactorily under an annular-mist flow in the upstream of orifice plates. However, this pressure drop prediction is still not clearly determined when the upstream is in an intermittent flow or stratified flow, which is corresponding to a region of low Fr_G (gas phase Froude number) in the flow pattern map of wet gases. In this study, the wet gas pressure drop across a single-orifice plate was experimentally investigated in the low Fr_G region. By the experiment, the flow pattern transition in the downstream of single-orifice plates, as well as the effects of Fr_G and Fr_L (liquid phase Froude number) on Φ_G (gas phase multiplier), were determined and compared when the upstream is in the flow pattern transition and the stratified flow region, respectively. Prediction performances were examined on the available pressure drop models. It was found that no model could be capable of jointly predicting the wet gas pressure drop in the low Fr_G region with an acceptable accuracy. With a new method of correlating Fr_G and Fr_L simultaneously, new correlations were proposed for the low Fr_G region. Among which the modified Chisholm model shows the best prediction accuracies, with the prediction deviations of Φ_G being within 7% and 3% when the upstream is in flow pattern transition and stratified flow region, respectively.     

COSMO-SAC法筛选环戊烷/新己烷分离萃取剂及过程模拟

利用COSMO-SAC溶剂化模型,计算了无限稀释条件下,几种常见卤代烷烃、环烷醇对环戊烷和新己烷的分离选择性.结果表明,三氯丙烷的表面屏蔽电荷主要在非极性区域分布,同时具有一定的氢键供体能力,展现出对环戊烷和新己烷较好的理论分离能力.将其COSMO-SAC模型参数带入AspenPlus软件,对三氯丙烷萃取精馏分离环戊烷...     

分布式离散事件系统的模式故障预测研究

针对分布式离散事件系统,提出了一种模式故障预测方法.首先对分布式离散事件系统的模式故障可预测性进行形式化.通过构造一个模式故障识别器,从系统所有行为中识别出所发生的模式故障,并针对分布式系统的不同观测点构造不可观测闭包.在此基础上,联合各站点观测到的事件序列构造出模式故障预测验证器,解决了分布式离散事件系统的模式故障预...     

基于特征选择和时间卷积网络的工业控制系统入侵检测

针对工业控制系统流量数据存在特征冗余及深度学习模型对较小规模数据集检测能力较差的问题,提出了一种基于特征选择和时间卷积网络的工业控制系统入侵检测模型。首先,对源域数据集的异常特征和样本不平衡数据进行处理,提高源域数据集质量。其次,针对流量数据的特征冗余,利用信息增益率和主成分分析法构建IGR-PCA特征选择算法,筛选出最优特征子集实现数据降维。然后,根据工业控制系统流量数据的时间序列特性,在较大规模的源域数据集上,利用时间卷积网络（temporal convolution network,TCN）对时间序列数据优异的处理能力,构建源域时间卷积网络预训练模型。最后,在较小规模的目标域数据集上,结合迁移学习（transfer learning,TL）微调策略,获取源域样本数据的流量特征,构建目标域TCN-TL模型。利用公开的工业控制系统数据集进行实验测试,实验结果表明：流量数据经本文特征算法处理后,相较于其他方法,在降低数据维度减少计算量的同时仍具有良好的检测效果;在较大规模的源域数据集和较小规模的目标域数据集上,本文模型均取得了良好的检测效果,在目标域中利用迁移学习微调策略能够学习到源域中的知识,模型检测准确率为99.06%,在训练时间对比中,本文模型训练时间消耗更少,具有更好的泛化能力,能够更好地保护工业控制系统安全。     

木质素基可降解复合膜材料的研究进展

传统塑料薄膜制品的不可降解性所带来的环境和社会问题日渐凸显,促使了生物基可降解、可再生膜材料的发展.木质素是一种储量最丰富的天然芳香族聚合物,近年来研究人员将其与其他聚合物复合,制备具有特定功能的高附加值可降解膜材料,取得了许多重大成果.本文从可持续发展的角度,首先介绍了木质素的结构、化学特性及分离方式;其次综述了木质...     

Synthesis of boron-doped double-walled carbon nanotubes by the catalytic decomposition of tetrahydrofuran and triisopropyl borate

Boron-doped double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were produced by the catalytic decomposition of tetrahydrofuran and triisopropyl borate over a Fe–Mo/MgO catalyst at 900 °C. The synthesized B-doped DWCNTs had average outer and inner diameters in the range of 1.6–2.4 nm and 0.8–1.6 nm within the bundle, respectively. They had a larger interlayer spacing in the range of 0.36–0.39 nm, than did undoped DWCNTs. The B-C bonding evident from the B 1s signals in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that highly coordinated boron atoms replaced the carbon atoms within the graphene sheet. As the triisopropyl borate concentration was increased from 0 to 2.5 M, the substituted boron concentration increased from 0.8 to 3.1 at.%. The results demonstrate that the substituted boron concentration in the hexagonal carbon lattices can be easily controlled by regulating the triisopropyl borate concentration.     

基于ANSYS的PE-HD实壁管性能与尺寸的关系

采用ANSYS逆向模拟分析高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)实壁管的环刚度测试过程,研究了管材环刚度为6.3时其规格尺寸如直径和壁厚与原材料性能之间的关系,并分析了标准YD/T 841.2-2008的合理性。结果表明,材料的泊松比对管材最大变形量影响较小;材料的弯曲弹性模量越大,管材最大变形量越小;管材环刚度达到6.3时所需要的原材料弯曲弹性模量值与其径厚比成正比直线关系;标准YD/T 841.2-2008中关于某些壁厚的规定存在不合理性,即按照标准中规定的某些壁厚尺寸,生产PE-HD实壁管所用原材料无法达到环刚度为6.3时所需要的弯曲弹性模量值。     

苯乙烯系树脂和聚烯烃的共混物

聚烯烃(PO)和苯乙烯系树脂(PS)共混可改进PS的耐环境应力开裂性(ESCR)、PO的刚性、热成型性。两种树脂是不相容树脂,以较多的量进行共混时,需要加入相容剂。常用的相容剂是氢化苯乙烯、烯烃嵌段共聚物或苯乙烯接枝的乙烯、丙烯、二烯烃三元共聚物橡胶。大部分PO/PS共混物的开发工作针对包装应用,以适应包装用品对刚性、撕裂性、耐油脂性、热成型性、抗冲性、ESCR性能的要求。本文通过十几篇相关专利总结了PO/PS共混物的开发动向。     

Discovery and characterization of tyrosinases from sea anemone pedal disc

Abstract

The formation of underwater adhesion is a complicated physiological process and many different types of enzymes are found to be essential apart from structural proteins. Previous studies have shown that various tyrosinases were present in marine adhesives, but little information is available about the over-expression and enzymatic characterization of these enzymes. Specifically, this study first identified four significantly up-regulated tyrosinases in the pedal disc of Haliplanella luciae by means of multi-omics technology, and made preliminary bioinformatics predictions. Sequence alignment showed that the Tyr1_Hl contained six conserved His residues that bind to copper ions, of which a tyrosinase with diphenolase activity named as Tyr1_Hl^Δ, was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells and purified by affinity chromatography. Enzymatic characterization showed that the activity of Tyr1_Hl^Δ was Cu²⁺ dependent and maximum catalytic activities were in 20?mM Tris–HCl (pH 8.0) at 37?°C. In summary, we identified novel tyrosinases in the pedal disks of sea anemone for the first time and the Tyr1_Hl^Δ was successfully recombinant expressed. Our study will provide basis for future exploration of bio-adhesion mechanism and design of bio-adhesives derived from sea anemones.     

Selective hydrogenation of acetylene over Pd/CeO2

Five hundred ppm Pd/CeO₂ catalyst was prepared and evaluated in selective hydrogenation of acetylene in large excess of ethylene since ceria has been recently found to be a reasonable stand-alone catalyst for this reaction. Pd/CeO₂ catalyst could be activated in situ by the feed gas during reactions and the catalyst without reduction showed much better ethylene selectivity than the reduced one in the high temperature range due to the formation of oxygen vacancies by reduction. Excellent ethylene selectivity of ~100% was obtained in the whole reaction temperature range of 50°C–200°C for samples calcined at temperatures of 600°C and 800°C. This could be ascribed to the formation of Pd_xCe_1−xO_2−y or Pd-O-Ce surface species based on the X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results, indicating the strong interaction between palladium and ceria.