Study on pH‐sensitive and thermosensitive polymer networks containing polyacetal segments

A series of pH‐sensitive and thermosensitive polymer networks were first obtained by copolymerization of telechelic poly(1,3‐dioxolane) (PDXL) with acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), respectively. The copolymerization of PDXL diacrylate (PDXLDA) with AA, AM, or NIPAM is expected to lead to polymer networks in which homopolymeric segments of the monomer are connected by polyacetal segments. As a combination of these two parts, these polymer networks can have some interesting physical properties. For example, the copolymer networks of poly(AA‐b‐DXL) showed pH sensitivity, and both the copolymer networks of poly(AM‐b‐DXL) and poly(NIPAM‐b‐DXL) showed temperature sensitivity. Moreover, because of the low ceiling temperature of polyDXL, the networks containing polyacetal segments (PDXL) can degrade by treatment with a trace of appropriate cationic initiator. The polymer networks prepared were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and swelling data. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 3002–3006, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.2329     

A Comparison of the Levels of Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Corn Germ Oil,Corn Fiber Oil and Corn Kernel Oil

All commercial corn oil is obtained by pressing corn germ and/or extracting the germ with hexane. In the current study, six types of corn oil were prepared by extracting corn germ, corn fiber and ground corn, each with hexane or with ethanol. The levels of lutein, zeaxanthin and other carotenoids were quantitatively analyzed in the six corn oils. The levels of lutein + zeaxanthin in the oil ranged from 2.3 μg/g for hexane-extracted corn germ oil to 220.9 μg/g for ethanol-extracted ground corn oil. These results indicate that a diet that includes 30 g (~2 tbsp) per day of the unrefined corn oil obtained by extracting ground corn with ethanol would provide ~6 mg of lutein + zeaxanthin, the daily dosage that is currently considered to be necessary to slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.     

底吹钢包两相区两段模型

在考虑雷诺应力的基础上，建立了底吹钢包中气液两相区流体流动的两段模型。这一模型可用于计算近喷嘴处和浮羽流区各截面处两相流的平均速度、速度分布、流股直径和平均含气率等．数值计算表明：理论含气率与实验值符合很好．计算还表明：平均含气率和平均速度随高度的增大而减小，但流股直径随高度的增大而增大．另一方面，平均速度随初始供气量的增大而增大，而抽引比则随供气量增大而减小．通过两段模型可很好地描述喷嘴处气液流的行为．     

流化床二组分混合物的适宜分离气速

在等密度与非等密度二组分混合物分离体系中，考察操作气速对分离度的影响，提出物料的静床高对高效分离气速没有影响，而操作气速取其混合物最小流化速度的１．２倍左右时，二组分混合物产生高效分离，并且此操作气速随着二组分混合物分离状态的判定值（等密度混合物指Ｒｍｆ值，非等密度混合物主要指Ｒｐ值）的增加而拓宽。     

分子筛生产工艺中的节能新技术——固相转化法的创新和应用

先就固相法合成沸石分子筛的合成机理及演绎发展进行了综述;着重介绍了本课题组开发的干粉法(固相原位转化法)及湿胶法(超高浓度体系法)两种固相法节能新技术在合成 MOR、ZSM-5等沸石分子筛生产中的应用情况,并阐述了两种创新方法的本质及其工艺特点;最后就干粉法及湿胶法的应用前景进行了展望.     

In-situ studies of electron field emission of single carbon nanotubes inside the TEM

Electron field emission characteristics of individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated in situ inside the transmission electron microscope (TEM). For a single MWCNT it was found that while field-emission can hardly occur from the side of the nanotube, a curved nanotube may result in finite side emission and the best emission geometry is the top emission geometry. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements made at different vacuum conditions and voltage sweeps emphasize the importance of the adsorbates on the electron field emission of MWCNTs. For a contaminated MWCNT, although the field emission current was reduced, the stability of its emission was improved. A current of up to several tens of μA was observed for a single MWCNT, but it was found that long time emission usually results in drastic structure damage that may lead to sudden emission failure.     

考虑水软化-化学风化作用的岩石单轴压缩试验离散元模拟

西南地区以岩石地形为主,较为潮湿。而岩石在工程长期运行中,会受到水和化学风化作用的影响,分别表现出软化、强度降低以及力学性能劣化的特性。因此研究岩石在水、化学风化作用影响下的力学性质极其重要。本文采用离散单元法(DEM)模拟水软化-化学风化因素作用下岩石的单轴压缩试验,得到应力应变曲线以及破坏后微观信息图,从宏微观角度分析岩石受水、化学风化作用下力学性质,破坏模式的变化。模拟结果表明:随着岩石饱和度的增加,岩石的峰值强度、弹性模量不断减小,破坏模式由压剪扭破坏为主逐渐转变为拉剪扭破坏为主;随着化学风化程度增大,岩石峰值强度也随之减小,脆性破坏特征越来越不明显,与室内试验结果相吻合。     

滇池环湖截污干渠错峰技术模拟与分析

为了实现滇池流域截污效果的最大化,基于前期建立的东岸排水管网SWMM模型,结合该区域1995-2016年间降雨资料,研究环湖截污干渠的错峰调蓄技术。根据雨水干渠液位高度执行不同控制模式:当水位低于6.76 m时执行典型污染物浓度阈值控制模式;当水位高于6.76 m时执行典型污染物阈值控制的同时执行液位-污染物通量控制模式。采用SS和TN作为干渠截流的典型污染物控制指标,其控制浓度阈值分别取12和5 mg/L。模拟重现期为0.5~1 a降雨时SS、TN浓度-负荷通量调蓄方案下干渠负荷收集情况,结果表明两种调蓄方案均能有效提高雨水干渠的负荷收集率,提高污水干渠出口浓度,降低雨水径流对污水厂的高水量和低浓度冲击负荷。随着重现期增大,干渠对污染物的高效和最大化收集效果越明显。但是TN调控下污染负荷收集效果优于SS,因此选择TN作为干渠截流的最优典型污染物控制指标。     

河道采砂对通航水流影响后评估研究

以长江大沙坝砂石采区后评估为例,着重研究项目实施后对该河段通航水流条件的影响。通过建立二维数学模型复演工程河段项目实施前后流场,数模计算结果显示采砂活动对该河段水位及流速影响较小,总体对通航影响较小,同时综合目前河道采砂现状,为采砂活动提出建议。     

活性自由基乳液聚合的研究进展

活性自由基乳液聚合是一个非常新的研究领域。介绍了目前活性自由基乳液聚合领域的3种常用的方法及应用这些方法进行乳液聚合的研究进展,包括:原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),氮氧调节自由基聚合(NMP)和可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)。