现代钢铁生产流程的优化与发展

现代钢铁生产流程进入新世纪后正加快优化的进程.紧凑、高效和智能化是主要发展方向;新流程发展和现有流程的改造相结合,是流程变革的主要特点;与多学科新技术的结合,将成为发展的主要特征;符合社会可持续发展的要求是钢铁流程优化最重要的目标.     

Investigation of failure mechanism and modification for film-lubricated precise angular-contact ball bearing

This paper describes an experimental investigation into the performance and lubrication failure mechanism of precise angular-contact ball bearings treated with MoS₂-sputtered film, etc. As an important executive component of various spacecrafts, there are some strict requirements on the lubrication performance of angular-contact ball bearing, but the related experimental data are rare to see in literatures. In this experiment, the lubrication performances of MoS₂-sputtered ball bearing pairs were evaluated by using lifetime test as a main method, and the topographies and compositions of working surfaces were investigated through SEM, AES and EDS. The systematical experiment results reveal that the degradation and failure process of solid lubrication for such ball bearing is divided into three stages with different characters. A supposed failure mechanism has been proposed. An improved lubrication treatment based on above mechanism was conducted for the precise ball bearings, and a later test showed that long endurance life with more than 10⁸ revolutions has been reached.     

以职业培训促进人才开发

经济社会的发展,不仅需要大量的专业技术人才,也需要大量的职业技术工人.以职业培训促进人才开发,树立培训是基础,鉴定是手段,就业是目的,素质提高是关键的思想.     

Electroplated hard magnetic material and its application in microelectromechanical systems

We describe the preparation of CoNiMnP-based permanent-magnet material using several sulfate and chloride solutions. We studied eight samples, and all the samples show vertical magnetic anisotropy. Sample8, which was electroplated from a low-concentration chloride solution and under external magnetic field, demonstrates the best magnetic properties with coercivity 2632 Oe, remanence 0.20 T, and maximum magnetic energy 10.185 kJ/m/sup 3/. An array structure can avoid the stress between the electroplated layer and the seed layer. The electroplated Co/sub 0.8/Ni/sub 0.1174/Mn/sub 0.0062/P/sub 0.0762/ permanent magnet has potential for bidirectional actuators in micro-electromechanical systems.     

Analysis of the critical heat flux in round vertical tubes under low pressure and flow oscillation conditions. Applications of artificial neural network

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) for predicting critical heat flux (CHF) under low pressure and oscillation conditions have been trained successfully for either natural circulation or forced circulation (FC) in the present study. The input parameters of the ANN are pressure, mean mass flow rate, relative amplitude, inlet subcooling, oscillation period and the ratio of the heated length to the diameter of the tube, L/D. The output is a nondimensionalized factor F, which expresses the relative CHF under oscillation conditions. Based on the trained ANN, the influences of principal parameters on F for FC were analyzed. The parametric trends of the CHF under oscillation obtained by the trained ANN are as follows: the effects of pressure below 500 kPa are complex due to the influence of other parameters. F will increase with increasing mean mass flow rate under any conditions, and will decrease generally with an increase in relative amplitude. F will decrease initially and then increase with increasing inlet subcooling. The influence curves of mean mass flow rate on F will be almost the same when the period is shorter than 5.0 s or longer than 15 s. The influence of L/D will be negligible if L/D>200. It is found that the minimum number of neurons in the hidden layer is a product of the number of neurons in the input layer and in the output layer.     

Rare earth elements in CO_2-fluid inclusions in mantle Iherzolite

Trace elements including REE (Rare Earth Elements) in fluid inclusions in Iherzolite, olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene have been determined by heating-decrepitation and ICP-MS (Element Type Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) method. Normalized CO2 fluid/chondrite data show that mantle fluids are rich in REEs, especially LREEs (Light Rare Earth Elements), several times or dozen times higher than mantle rocks and mantle minerals. There are close relationships among the REE data of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and 1herzolite. Compared to the data of chemical dissolution method, it is believed that REE data obtained from heating-decrepitation and ICP-MS technique are contributed by CO2 fluid inclusions. About 60% (mass fraction) of tiny inclusions are observed not to be decrepitated above 1000℃, so REE data obtained are only contributed by decrepitated inclusions. Mantle fluids rich in LREE play an important role in mantle metasomatism, partial melting and mineralization.     

采用LabVIEW图形程式设计构成虚拟仪控设备

本文介绍了虚拟仪控的概念和LabVIEW图形程式语言的编程方法,性能特点,以及目前在广州地区的推广应用.     

学习新课标体会新理念

基础教育课程改革的浪潮滚滚而来,新课程体系有了重大的创新和突破.这场改革给教师带来了严峻的挑战,同时也给我们带来了不可多得的机遇.     

VC下实现基于Modbus协议的DCS与远程I/O系统通信

本文在分析Modbus协议及其通信原理的基础上，结合工程实际，提出了一种在工业PC机上实现串行通信的方法，并在Visual C 6．0环境下开发了通信的应用程序，实现了基于Modbus协议的DCS与远程I／O系统通信。