TiO2/CdS composite hollow spheres with controlled synthesis of platinum on the internal wall for the efficient hydrogen evolution

Solar driven semiconductor photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen is an extremely charming process by storing photon energy in chemical bonds. In the present study, composite semiconductor TiO₂/CdS was structured into uniform and porous double-shelled hollow sphere with cocatalyst platinum selectively loaded onto the internal wall. The SEM, TEM, STEM, XRD, BET and EDS elemental distribution etc. were employed to evidence the formation of the targeted photocatalyst. It was demonstrated that the material has a high efficiency of visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution (296 μmol·h⁻¹/10 mg) with an apparent quantum efficiency (QE) of 14.5% at wavelength of 420 nm. Comparative experiment analysis and time-resolved infrared absorption study suggested that the high photocatalytic activity of the catalyst is attributed to the vectorial electron transfer (CdS → TiO₂ → Pt) and the spatial separation of reduction and oxidation active surfaces achieved by the special morphology.     

High- and low- temperature behaviors of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ cathode operating under CO2/H2O-containing atmosphere

High- and low- temperature behaviors of La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3−δ (LSCF) cathode for solid oxide fuel cells operating under CO₂/H₂O-containing atmosphere are investigated. LSCF shows different stability against CO₂ and H₂O at high and low temperature. LSCF has excellent electrochemical performance and high stability against the corrosion of CO₂ and H₂O at 750 °C due to weak reactivity of LSCF with CO₂. LSCF shows a serious degradation at 600 °C under operation with O₂–CO₂(2.83%)–H₂O(2.64%), which is ascribed to the impeded oxygen activation and oxygen surface diffusion by surface carbonates and SrCO₃ phases on LSCF surface. Under CO₂(5%)–H₂O(2.81%)–He, LSCF reacts with CO₂ to yield SrCO₃ phases in 400–680 °C, and H₂O aggravates the chemical reaction between CO₂ and LSCF. Taking into account of SrCO₃ phase formation on LSCF, LSCF cathode is stable under operation with O₂–CO₂(2.83%)–H₂O(2.64%) in 680–800 °C, whereas it is unstable below 680 °C. LSCF can be subject to degradation caused by CO₂ and H₂O in air during long-term operation below 680 °C.     

Fabrication of ZnO/SrTiO3 nanoarrays and its photoelectrochemical performances

The ZnO/SrTiO₃ nanomaterials were fabricated by a chemical conversion hydrothermal method in order to utilize the high electron transfer rate of one-dimensional ZnO nanorods and photocatalytic activity of SrTiO₃. The technological parameters, such as TiO₂ sol concentration, TiO₂ sol dipping cycle, Sr(NO₃)₂ concentration and reaction temperature, were investigated in the synthetic process and the reaction mechanism of the ZnO/SrTiO₃ nanomaterials was proposed. A photocurrent density of 7.53 mA/cm² was obtained for the as-prepared ZnO/SrTiO₃ photocatalyst, attributed to its improved absorption spectrum and appropriate nanostructure, which indicates a potential application in photoelectrochemical water splitting.     

城市生活垃圾焚烧发电CDM项目案例分析

本文分析评价了我国城市生活垃圾的产生量、资源量、国内外垃圾焚烧技术应用状况、制约我国城市生活垃圾焚烧技术应用的主要因素以及垃圾焚烧发电技术应用潜力。本研究以城市生活垃圾焚烧发电技术为案例,基于三个基准线,应用增量成本分析方法,计算了垃圾焚烧发电作为CDM(清洁发展机制)项目的单位碳减排成本并对其进行了敏感性分析,提出城市生活垃圾焚烧发电技术应作为我国与发达国家进行CDM项目合作的优先技术领域。     

动态测试中的数据采集在线分析

在工程应用中 ,常常需要对设备进行状态监测 ,这要求对采集的信号进行在线分析 ,动态显示。数据采集和动态测试系统是设备监测的重要环节和故障诊断的基础。本文介绍了一种实用有效的数据采集及实时分析系统 ,它解决了基于WINDOWS操作系统实时信号采集分析的问题。该系统具有多种分析方法 ,功能强大 ,可以在线进行信号分析处理 ,能够同时记录信号的多种特征信息。通过实际使用证明 ,本采集系统具有良好的精度和抗干扰性 ,可应用于内燃机、压缩机等设备的在线监测     

超临界直流锅炉控制

介绍了超临界直流锅炉的启动系统结构特点,主要功能、,贮水箱水位控制原理和控制模块,阐述了超临界直流锅炉给水控制的概念和控制原理,以及控制回路的相互影响,为超临界机组的运行和调试提供了理论基础.     

几种典型电子垃圾大物料量热重实验及机理研究

在自行设计的实验室规模的热重分析装置上进行了较大物料量(15.g左右)的热重实验,研究了几种典型电子垃圾组分(电线、键盘和废电路板)的热解行为和特性,热解过程采用氮气作载气,升温速率为20.K/min,热解终温为1,073,K.所得实验结果同常规热重分析仪(微热重)的实验结果进行比较,发现大物料量热重相对于微热重存在热滞后效应.此外,采用最概然机理函数选择法,提出了各种电子垃圾组分(电线、键盘和废电路板)微热重和大物料量热重热解的机理函数,分析获得了电线、键盘和废电路板不同热解方式下的表观活化能E和指前因子A.     

太阳能吸附制冷用复合吸附剂制备及其吸附机理探讨

以乙醇为吸附质，选取13X分子筛、凹凸楱土和氯化锶等为主要吸附材料．通过混合法制备了一系列有着优良吸附能的复合吸附剂。测定了乙醇在主要吸附材料和自制复合吸附剂上的吸附量，用TG-DTA法对主要吸附材料的热稳定性和自制吸附剂DTA脱附乙醇峰端温度进仃了分析.对吸附剂原料复合比例和扩孔剂种类等制备条件进行了实验研究。结果表明：自制复合吸附剂比单一吸附材料对乙醇确着更大的吸附能力；DTA分析的脱乙醇峰端温度明显低于单一吸附材料；加入扩孔剂E1或E2，可增加自制复合吸附剂孔容和孔径，改善其吸附性能；自制复合吸附剂对乙醇的吸附量显著高于活性炭。其中，M4-0003和M1-0001复合吸附剂对乙醇的平衡吸附量约为活性炭的2．5～4倍；M1-0001—乙醇工质对的吸附制冷量是活性炭—乙醇的2～6倍。对吸附剂复合的机理初步探讨表明：增加复合吸附剂弱吸附中心数，可降低其脱附温度。     

PECVD淀积氮化硅薄膜性质研究

使用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition，PECVD)在P型硅片上沉积了氮化硅(SiNx)薄膜，使用薄膜测试仪观察了薄膜的厚度、折射率和反射光谱，利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)，原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了截面和表面形貌，使用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和能谱仪(EDX)分析了薄膜的化学结构和成分。最后，考察了薄膜在经过快速热处理过程后的热稳定性，并利用霍尔参数测试仪(Hall)比较了薄膜沉积前后载流子迁移率的变化。     

煤矸石盐酸浸溶出铝铁的动力学研究（英文）

The extraction of aluminum from coal mining waste (CMW) is an important industrial process. The two major problems in applications are low aluminum dissolution efficiency and high iron content in the raw material, which affect the quantity and quality of products. To improve the aluminum recovery process, the leaching kinet-ics of CMW with hydrochloric acid was studied. A shrinking core model was used to investigate aluminum and iron dissolution kinetics. Based on the kinetic characteristics, a process for recovering aluminum was proposed and tested experimental y. It is found that the aluminum leaching reaction is controlled by surface reaction at low temperatures (40–80 °C) and by diffusion process at higher temperatures (90–106 °C). The iron dissolution process is dominated by surface reaction at 40–100 °C. The results show that iron could be dissolved or separated by concentrated hydrochloric acid. Fine grinding wil improve aluminum dissolution significantly.