论核电站循环水过滤系统的电气控制系统

循环水过滤系统是核电站的重要组成部分,其系统的智能性、可靠性、稳定性极大程度地影响过滤除污效果。结合现场工况与多年的研发经验,论述了陆丰循环水过滤系统的组成、系统电气控制策略,重点描述了清污机、鼓型滤网的电气控制方案,能有效实现核电站的循环水过滤,具有高效、智能、可靠、节能的优点,提高了过滤效果。     

Process development for the removal of copper from wastewater using ferric/limestone treatment

The removal of copper from wastewater by ferric/limestone coagulation followed by screen filtration was carried out at a laboratory scale. The optimum coagulant (FeCl₃) dose and working pH were 50 mg// of Fe(m) and pH 7.5, respectively, through jar tests. For the efficient removal of copper from wastewater, we developed a novel process including the co-precipitation of copper with FeCl₃, alkalization in a limestone aeration bed, and separation of precipitates in a sedimentation tank coupled with internal stainless steel screen filter. The performance results showed that removal of copper from the solution was over 99.5%. The pH was effectively maintained over 7.5 in limestone bed during the whole process. Ferric hydroxide/copper aggregates were removed over 99% by stainless steel screen filter of 1,450 mesh. Periodic air backwashing alleviated fouling of the filter surface.     

Ways of strengthening biodegradable soy‐dreg plastics

Biodegradable plastics (GSD) based on soy dreg (SD) were prepared by compression‐molding, with glycerol as the plasticizer and glutaraldehyde (GA) as the cross‐linker. The structure and properties of the GSD sheets were investigated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and tensile test methods. The results indicate that when GA content was 6.8%, the tensile strength (σ_b) of the sheet reached the maximum value of 14.5 MPa. Moreover, the strength and water resistance of the sheets coated with castor‐oil‐based polyurethane/nitrochitosan interpenetrating network (IPN) coating were significantly enhanced to 24.6 MPa in the dry state and 9.8 MPa in the wet state. Simultaneously, the test of biodegradability of the GSD sheet in a mineral salts medium containing microorganisms and agar proved that GSD could be fully biodegradable. This work has provided a novel way to utilize low‐cost SD to prepare biodegradable plastics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 422–427, 2003     

Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting Through Optimization of Preparation and Operation Conditions of Layered Perovskite Photocatalysts

The layered perovskite materials were found to give the high photocatalytic activity in water splitting reaction under UV irradiation, where the electronic structure of perovskite slab constructing the layered structure (the total cation valency) was the most crucial factor to the high photocatalytic activity. Both the excessive cation valency and the layered structure were required for active photocatalysts, while the slab thickness of layered perovskites had an insignificant effect on water-splitting activity. In order to identify key variables that affected photocatalytic activity and to optimize the performance of (110) layered perovskite, La₂Ti₂O₇ was modified by various methods. The optimum amount of loaded nickel had a great effect and the amount depended on the surface area of the perovskite phase. When an alkaline-earth element such as Ba, Sr, and Ca was doped on La₂Ti₂O₇, the photocatalytic activity was enhanced markedly. Introduction of an alkaline hydroxide into the reaction system as an external additive enhanced the activity further showing extremely high quantum yields close to 50%.     

The Moisture Distribution of High Moisture Content Rough Rice During Harvesting, Storage, and Drying

The kernel moisture content (MC) distribution of five varieties of double season rice was tested during the process of harvesting, drying, and tempering. Significant kernel MC variance was found to exist within the panicle. Binodal kernel MC distribution frequency was found at harvest. The MC distribution of five varieties during harvesting and drying showed similar trend of uniformity. To investigate the mechanism of moisture transport among rice kernels under low temperature, the kernel MC distribution of rice planted in Northeastern China was also investigated after stacked for over one month under the temperature of -20°C. The moisture exchange among rice kernels was found greatly influenced by environmental factors.     

聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展

介绍了聚合物基纳米复合材料的种类及制备方法，详细介绍了聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究，包括聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的种类、性能及研究的新进展。     

Examining the Effects of Conformal Terrain Features in Advanced Head‐Up Displays on Flight Performance and Pilot Situation Awareness

Synthetic vision systems (SVS) render terrain features for pilots through cockpit displays using a GPS database and three‐dimensional graphical models. Enhanced vision systems (EVS) present infrared imagery of terrain using a forward‐looking sensor in the nose of an aircraft. The ultimate goal of SVS and EVS technologies is to support pilots in achieving safety under low‐visibility and night conditions comparable to clear, day conditions. This study assessed pilot performance and situation awareness (SA) effects of SVS and EVS imagery in an advanced head‐up display (HUD) during a simulated landing approach under instrument meteorological conditions. Videos of the landing with various HUD configurations were presented to eight pilots with a superimposed tracking task. The independent variables included four HUD feature configurations (baseline [no terrain imagery], SVS, EVS, and a combination of SVS and EVS), two visibility conditions, and four legs of the flight. Results indicated that SVS increased overall SA but degraded flight path control performance because of visual confusion with other display features. EVS increased flight path control accuracy but decreased system (aircraft) awareness because of visual distractions. The combination of SVS and EVS generated offsetting effects. Display configurations did not affect pilot spatial awareness. Flight performance was not different among phases of the approach, but levels and types of pilot SA did vary from leg to leg. These results are applicable to development of adaptive HUD features to support pilot performance. They support the use of multidimensional measures of SA for insight on pilot information processing with advanced aviation displays. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

水热法制备锰锌铁氧体纳米晶

以水热法制备了粒径为20－40nm的锰锌铁氧体纳米晶，以XRD、SEM、磁强计等对产物做了表征，分析了影响锰锌铁氧体纳米晶的因素。结果表明，在T≥150℃,t≥5h条件下，均能得到阵锌铁氧体纳米晶粉末。T＝450℃时制备的纳米晶的磁强度最高；添加剂能改善水热体系的均匀性，使产物分布均匀、晶相单一、团聚少。     

Effects of reaction and cure temperatures on morphology and properties of poly(ester‐urethane)

Poly(ester‐urethane) was synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol adipate) (PEG) and 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI) to study the effects of reaction temperature and cure temperature on the crystallization behavior, morphology, and mechanical properties of the semicrystalline polyurethane (PU). PEG as soft segment was first reacted with TDI as hard segment at 90, 100, and 110°C, respectively, to obtain three kinds of PU prepolymers, coded as PEPU‐90, PEPU‐100, and PEPU‐110. Then the PU prepolymers were crosslinked by 1,1,1‐tris (hydroxylmethyl) propane (TMP) and were cured at 18, 25, 40, 60, and 80°C. Their structure and properties were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile testing. With an increase of the reaction temperature from 90 to 100°C, the crystallinity degree of soft segment decreased, but interaction between soft and hard segments enhanced, leading to the increase of the glass transition temperature (T_g) of soft domain and tensile strength. When the cure temperature was above 60°C, miscibility between soft and hard segments of the PEPU films was improved, resulting in relatively low crystallinity and elongation at break, but high soft segment T_g and tensile strength. On the whole, all of the PEPU‐90, PEPU‐100, and PEPU‐110 films cured above 60°C possessed higher tensile strength and elongation at break than that of the films cured at other temperatures. The results revealed that the reaction temperature and cure temperature play an important role in the improvement of the crosslinking structure and mechanical properties of the semicrystalline PU. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 708–714, 2006     

The effects of Ni and Li doping on the performance of lithium manganese oxide material for lithium secondary batteries

Layered Li_0.7[M_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ (M=Li, Ni) was synthesized using a sol-gel method. P2-Na_0.7[M_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ precursor was first synthesized by a sol-gel method, and then O2-Li_0.7[M_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ was prepared by an ion exchange of Li for Na in P2-Na_0.7[M_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ precursor. From charge/discharge curves, it was seen that Li_0.7[Li_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ has two plateaus similar to those observed from a spinel structure, but Li_0.7[Ni_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ holds a single plateau as observed from a typical layered structure. It was considered that Li_0.7[Li_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ undergoes a phase transformation from layered to spinel structure during the charge/discharge cycle, but Li_0.7[Ni_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ maintains O2-layered structure after the cycles. Li_0.7[Ni_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂ was higher in discharge capacity and retention rate than Li_0.7[Li_1/6Mn_5/6]O₂.