A Decentralized Grid Market Infrastructure for Service Oriented Grids

Service Oriented Computing has a deep impact on how IT infrastructures are conceived both in academia (e-science) and in industry (Service Oriented Architecture and commercial Web Services). Increasingly, economic models are being considered as suitable coordination mechanism for the management of service allocations to clients. However, few complete infrastructures have demonstrated the enabling of economics-based Service Oriented Grids (SOGs). The authors propose a complete infrastructure for economics-based SOGs and demonstrate its application in a prototype. They conduct experiments showing that practical agent-based automatic and fair trading of services at stable prices can be achieved using the proposed infrastructure.     

Efficient address space generation for an OPC UA server

The new OPC Unified Architecture has been introduced as a replacement for the existing COM‐based specifications. The article describes a generalized algorithm for the automatic generation of the address space structure for an UA server. First, we present the general startup procedure of an OPC UA server, focusing on the address space generation step. Afterwards we introduce specialized algorithms for the generation of the type nodes, of object, variable, method and view nodes. Finally the additional references are added to the fully meshed address space. The basic ideas of the algorithms are: the splitting of the nodes into groups and the sequential addition of the groups to the address space, and the naming of a main reference for every target node. The algorithms have been applied for an aggregating UA server which models the devices of an assembly line. The main advantages are: shorter development time, easier maintenance and the possibility to add nodes to the address space in both online and offline mode. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Base oils of high aromatic,long branched aliphatic pyromellitic esters

The present paper deals with the synthesis of some tetraesters with a mixed structure of pyromellitic dianhydride, and with their characterisation as potential base oils. These esters are made on the basis of a long branched aliphatic alcohol, such as isotridecanol, and an alcohol with aromatic content, such as 2‐phenoxy‐ethanol. The variation of the principal properties as a function of both the length of the aliphatic chain introduced by the aliphatic alcohol, and the aromatic content introduced by the aryl‐alkyl alcohol has been assessed and the potential for viable products with a wide range of viscosity values has been examined. The enhanced aryl content is shown to induce superior thermal behaviour. These products present good test results and, thereby, demonstrate their versatility.     

Synthesis of libraries of 16beta-aminopropyl estradiol derivatives for targeting two key steroidogenic enzymes

Two libraries, each consisting of 48 16beta-aminopropyl estradiol derivatives, phenols and sulfamates, respectively, were synthesized by solid-phase parallel chemistry through a seven-step reaction sequence. Following the attachment of a C18-steroid sulfamate precursor on a trityl chloride resin, diversity elements were first introduced on the 16beta-aminopropyl chain of the steroid by acylation reactions with eight Fmoc-amino acids. After deprotection, the free amine function of the resulting compounds was reacted with six carboxylic acids for the introduction of a second diversity level. The two variants employed for the cleavage of compounds from the solid support, acidic and nucleophilic, allowed the corresponding libraries of sulfamate and phenol derivatives in yields of 8-50 % and 13-58 % to be obtained with an average HPLC purity of 94 % and 91 %, respectively. Potent steroid sulfatase inhibitors and interesting SAR results were generated from the screening of the sulfamate library. Furthermore, moderate inhibitors of type 1 17beta-HSD resulted from the partial screening of phenol library. Thus, these two categories of compounds were synthesized to rapidly identify potential inhibitors of steroid biosynthesis for the hormonal therapy of estrogen-dependent diseases, and also to demonstrate the versatility and efficiency of the recently developed sulfamate linker.     

Aromatic diazenes containing azulen-1-yl moieties Part 2: The synthesis,characterization, electronic spectra and basicity of novel,bis aromatic diazenes containing two azulen-1-yl moieties

Bis aromatic diazenes which possess either two identical or two different azulene-1-yl groups substituted at either 1,3 or 1,4-positions in the bridging phenylene moiety were synthesized in good yield via diazotization of the 3- or 4-azulen-1-ylazo-phenylamines followed by coupling with azulene in a buffered medium. The electronic spectra of the synthesized compounds were analyzed by comparison with those of previously published compounds. The isosbestic points obtained by protonation of the compounds enabled their pK_a values to be determined.     

Micro-structured nuclear fuel and novel nuclear reactor concepts for advanced power production

Many applications (e.g. terrestrial and space electric power production, naval, underwater and railroad propulsion and auxiliary power for isolated regions) require a compact-high-power electricity source. The development of such a reactor structure necessitates a deeper understanding of fission energy transport and materials behavior in radiation dominated structures. One solution to reduce the greenhouse-gas emissions and delay the catastrophic events' occurrences may be the development of massive nuclear power. The actual basic conceptions in nuclear reactors are at the base of the bottleneck in enhancements. The current nuclear reactors look like high security prisons applied to fission products. The micro-bead heterogeneous fuel mesh gives the fission products the possibility to acquire stable conditions outside the hot zones without spilling, in exchange for advantages – possibility of enhancing the nuclear technology for power production. There is a possibility to accommodate the materials and structures with the phenomenon of interest, the high temperature fission products free fuel with near perfect burning. This feature is important to the future of nuclear power development in order to avoid the nuclear fuel peak, and high price increase due to the immobilization of the fuel in the waste fuel nuclear reactor pools.     

Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection nitrate determination of soil pastes using principal component regression, partial least squares, and cross-correlation

This paper investigates the use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy as a fast and simple way for direct determination of nitrate concentration in soil pastes, which would assist precision fertilizer placement and reduce nitrate pollution. Eight types of soils are investigated, with nitrate concentrations ranging from 0 to 1000 ppm-N. The spectral region around the nitrate band (1300-1550 cm(-1)) is analyzed by (1) principal component regression (PCR), (2) partial least squares (PLS), and (3) cross-correlation with reference libraries that include spectra of pure ions and/or soils. The main obstacle to accurate nitrate measurement appears to be an interfering band present in calcareous soils. This band, which may be due to carbonate, is located around 1450 cm(-1) and overlaps with the nitrate band centered around 1370 cm(-1). For non-calcareous soils, and in particular for light sandy agricultural soils, PLS and cross-correlation with a reference library containing only spectra of ions in water give similar results (about 8 ppm-N on dry soil basis), while PCR leads to slightly poorer results. When calcareous soils are included in the analysis, the prediction errors are about twice as large. In this case, the best results are obtained using PLS, followed by PCR, while cross-correlation with reference libraries leads to poorer results.     

The MFS for numerical boundary identification in two-dimensional harmonic problems

In this study, we briefly review the applications of the method of fundamental solutions to inverse problems over the last decade. Subsequently, we consider the inverse geometric problem of identifying an unknown part of the boundary of a domain in which the Laplace equation is satisfied. Additional Cauchy data are provided on the known part of the boundary. The method of fundamental solutions is employed in conjunction with regularization in order to obtain a stable solution. Numerical results are presented and discussed.