Combinatorial Use of Both Epigenetic and Non-Epigenetic Mechanisms to Efficiently Reactivate HIV Latency

The persistence of latent HIV provirus pools in different resting CD4+ cell subsets remains the greatest obstacle in the current efforts to treat and cure HIV infection. Recent efforts to purge out latently infected memory CD4+ T-cells using latency-reversing agents have failed in clinical trials. This review discusses the epigenetic and non-epigenetic mechanisms of HIV latency control, major limitations of the current approaches of using latency-reversing agents to reactivate HIV latency in resting CD4+ T-cells, and potential solutions to these limitations.     

Tracking the role of Fe in NiFe-layered double hydroxide for solar water oxidation and prototype demonstration towards PV assisted solar water-splitting

NiFe based layered hydroxides (LDH) is an efficient oxygen evolution catalysts used in energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, we used in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to study the role of Fe in improving the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of NiFe-LDH, as an alternative to expensive techniques. Optimized Ni_0·46Fe_0.54-LDH showed Tafel slope of 49 mV dec^?1 and over potential of~340 mV at 10 mA cm^?2. Increase in Fe content in NiFe-LDH, lowered the average oxidation of the Ni, revealing the stabilization of lower oxidation state of Ni. Potential dependent EIS supported this effect showing that multi-metal LDH favors the surface intermediate stabilization thereby reducing the overall charge transfer resistance at interface compared to mono metal catalysis. Surface intermediate relaxation process is dependent on Fe content and is playing a role in deciding the rate limiting step. The Fe–O–Ni linkages in FeO_x-NiFe-LDH systems exert partial charge transfer activation for OER process. A prototype demonstration of overall water splitting using a photovoltaic-electrolyser assembly is conducted with Ni_0·46Fe_0.54-LDH as bifunctional catalysts which yields a constant current density of ~10 mA cm^?2 at a V_oc = 1.65 V. Present study provide experimental evidence of improved activity of FeO_x-NiFe-LDH with the help of potential dependent EIS studies and makes practically attractive for renewable energy conversion and storage applications.     

A gradient boosting machine learning approach in modeling the impact of temperature and humidity on the transmission rate of COVID-19 in India

Applied Intelligence - Meteorological parameters were crucial and effective factors in past infectious diseases, like influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), etc. The present study...     

Fermentative hydrogen production - An alternative clean energy source

Hydrogen generation from wastewater is one of the promising approaches through biological route. So, exploitation of wastewater as substrate for hydrogen production with concurrent wastewater treatment is an attractive and effective way of tapping clean energy from renewable resources in a sustainable approach. In this direction, considerable interest is observed on various biological routes of hydrogen production using bio-photolysis, photo fermentation and heterotrophic dark fermentation process or by a combination of these processes. Therefore, in this communication, utilizing industrial wastewater as primary substrate for dark fermentation process is reviewed and different parametric aspects associated with this sustainable approach for better energy production is discussed. The industrial wastewaters that could be the source for bio hydrogen generation, such as rice slurry wastewater, food and domestic wastewaters, citric acid wastewater and paper mill wastewater, are also discussed in this article.