造气微机工艺控制和运行程序的改进

总结了ＬＹＫ－２型造气炉况寻优控制微机在工艺控制和运行程度方面的改进所取得的成功经验。通过改进，该厂不但稳定了气质气量，而且吨肥煤耗大幅度下降。其经济效益非常显著，为油压微机技术在小氮肥造气工艺上的开发应用，提供了可资借鉴的经验教训。     

超临界流体萃取的平衡溶解度

由溶剂化缔合观点,推导出了计算难挥发物质在超临界流体(SCF)中平衡溶解度的缔合模型.利用文献数据对缔合模型的适用性进行了考察,得到了较满意的结果.以缔合模型为基础,对SCF的溶解能力及其随诸因素影响的变化规律进行了分析和讨论,由此得出的一些推论均能和实验现象一致.     

Coloring effect of the organic hybrid of polyamide 6 and N,N′‐ethylene‐bis(tetrabromophthalimide)

Coloring study in organic hybrid of polyamide (PA6) and N,N′‐ethylene‐bis(tetrabromophthalimide) (EPT), where the chromophore was self‐assembled by hydrogen bonding formed between PA6 molecular chains and EPT compound, have been characterized by several techniques. CS930 double wavelength lamella scanner was employed to measure the change of color. The existence of hydrogen bonding in PA6/N‐N′‐ethylene‐bis (tetrabromophthalimide) (PA6EPT) was investigated with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), the results of which were compared with that of PA6 with the same thermal history. FTIR spectra at room temperature revealed that there is essentially hydrogen bonding between PA6 and EPT. The crystallization behavior of PA6EPT affected by hydrogen bonding was studied by using FTIR. The temperature‐dependent behavior of both PA6 and PA6EPT was studied by temperature‐FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). With temperature increasing, changes in sensitive, high‐resolution absorbance spectra are observed as dissolve‐volatilizing thin film. Temperature‐FTIR results showed that the hydrogen bonding in PA6EPT attenuated and dissociated considerably at a smaller rate than PA6, that is to say, hydrogen bonding in PA6EPT is more stable than that in PA6. DSC showed that the melting temperature of PA6EPT and PA6 are similar. However, the crystalline degree and crystalline temperature and melting enthalpy of PA6 and PA6EPT are different. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 594–600, 2007     

热塑性复合材料用混纤预浸料特征

本文对热塑性复合材料用预浸料的结构及其在复合材料成型加工中的浸渍性能进行分析.     

Wear simulation of Si3N4 cutting tool material on a pin-on-disc tester

Si₃N₄-based ceramic cutting tools are used nowadays for machining cast iron, nickel-based alloys, etc. Austenitic stainless steel AISI 321 is one of the most difficult to cut materials. In order to investigate the wear behaviour of Si₃N₄ ceramic when cutting the stainless steel, wear tests are carried out on a pin-on-disc tribometer, which can simulate a realistic cutting process. The selected load range is from 58.8 N to 235.2 N, the speed range is from 0.8 m/s to 3.2 m/s. The test results show that the wear of Si₃N₄ ceramic increases with both load and speed and the wear of the ceramic is mainly caused by adhesion between the rubbing surfaces. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron probe microanalyser (EPMA) and energy dispersive X-ray analyser (EDXS) were used for examinations of the worn surfaces. The wear mechanisms of Si₃N₄ ceramic sliding against the stainless steel were discussed in detail.     

Electrodeposition of catalytically active nickel for the oxygen evolution reaction — effects of anionic composition

Nickel electrodes were prepared by electrodeposition in electrolytes of various anionic compositions. The deposition conditions and bath types were evaluated with special emphasis on the electrocatalytic properties for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Electrochemical characterizations in a 5 mol/L KOH solution at 25°C showed that the electrode deposited from the chloride bath, having a low Tafel slope of 50 mV/dec and an overpotential of 396 mV at 100 mA/cm², is the most catalytically active among electrodes prepared in electrolytes of various anionic compositions. The electrode activity for the OER is related to the real surface areas, which depend on the anion compositions in the deposition bath and the deposition conditions.     

Multiple Random Forests Modelling for Urban Water Consumption Forecasting

The precise forecasting of water consumption is the basis in water resources planning and management. However, predicting water consumption fluctuations is complicated, given their non-stationary and non-linear characteristics. In this paper, a multiple random forests model, integrated wavelet transform and random forests regression (W-RFR), is proposed for the prediction of daily urban water consumption in southwest of China. Raw time series were first decomposed into low- and high-frequency parts with discrete wavelet transformation (DWT). The random forests regression (RFR) method was then used for prediction using each subseries. In the process, the input and output constructions of the RFR model were proposed for each subseries on the basis of the delay times and the embedding dimension of the attractor reconstruction computed by the C-C method, respectively. The forecasting values of each subseries were summarized as the final results. Four performance criteria, i.e., correlation coefficient (R), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and threshold static (TS), were used to evaluate the forecasting capacity of the W-RFR. The results indicated that the W-RFR can capture the basic dynamics of the daily urban water consumption. The forecasted performance of the proposed approach was also compared with those of models, i.e., the RFR and forward feed neural network (FFNN) models. The results indicated that among the models, the precision of the predictions of the proposed model was greater, which is attributed to good feature extractions from the multi-scale perspective and favorable feature learning performance using the decision trees.     

一种多官能团乳化剂在羧基丁苯胶乳合成中的应用

试验发现：一种阴离子型兼具非离子性的乳化剂A用于羧基丁苯胶乳聚合体系，可显著提高胶乳的质量，其质量分数即使下降到原配方乳化剂标准用量的25％，也能制备出合格的胶乳；与使用SDS的聚合体系相比，使用乳化剂A的聚合体系的聚合反应及产物质量重复性好，胶乳的钙离子稳定性显著提高。分析发现，乳化剂用量的大小会导致聚合反应机理的差异，从而影响聚合反应及产物质量；在酸性条件下，乳化剂本 身的稳定性也是造成这种差异的原因之一。应用试验结果表明：用乳化剂A代替SDS并在一定范围内改变其用量，不会影响胶乳的应用性能。     

新型无卤阻燃剂六苯胺基环三磷腈的合成

由五氯化磷和氯化铵合成了六氯环三磷腈（Ⅰ），通过亲和取代反应由苯胺和Ⅰ合成了六（苯胺基）环三磷腈（Ⅱ），对反应条件进行了优化，并对化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ进行了元素分析、IR谱和质谱表征。用化合物Ⅱ与ABS树脂共混制备了阻燃ABS树脂，测试了其氧指数和力学性能等指标。