测定银的新催化分光光度法研究──藏红T－碘化钾指示反应体系

根据银对藏红Ｔ与碘离子氧化还原反应的催化作用，建立了一种测定微量银的动力学光度法。方法的线性范围为０．５～４．０μｇ／ｍｌ，检测限为０．０２μｇ／ｍｌ。除Ｈｇ２＋严重干扰，Ｆｅ３＋、Ｃｒ６＋有轻度干扰外，其余常见的离子不影响测定。与常见测定银的动力学法相比，本法反应速度很快，且所有测定均可在室温下进行。     

Zr对钐铁合金微结构和相组成的影响

研究了添加0．5at％和1．0at％Zr对钐铁合金微结构和相组成的影响。添加和不添加Zr的Sm-Fe合金相比，发现添加1．0at％Zr可以基本消除铸态组织中的α-Fe，并且能同时减少富钐相。多添加18at％Sm的Sm-Fe合金退火后，仍残留少量的α-Fe，而添加1．0at％Zr的Sm-Fe-Zr合金退火后主相Sm2Fe17以及α-Fe的量没有明显的变化，因此有可能避免过长的均匀化退火过程。     

TiAl合金的电子束蒸发行为

建立了TiAl合金蒸发和沉积数学模型，采用活度系数体现溶池中不同组元的相互作用，影响组元蒸发速率的因素主要有元素饱和蒸气压和活度系数，计算值与试验值符合良好。研究结果表明，TiAl合金可以采用底部连续进给单一水冷铜坩埚通过电子束物理气相沉积得到。     

硅对定向凝固Ni3Al基合金IC6A微观组织和性能的影响

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、能谱(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)技术研究了硅对定向凝固Ni3Al基合金IC6A微观组织的影响。结果表明在IC6A合金中添加0．10％～0．20％Si(质量分数,下同)会使合金的枝晶间区析出块状的Mo1.24Ni0.76相和Mo6(Ni0.75Si0.25)7相,当硅的添加量达到0．30％时,合金的枝晶间区除了析出这两种相外,还有针状的δ-NiMo相析出。这相的析出不利于合金的高温持久性能,它们的硬度较大,只能通过孪晶的方式变形。硅有利于提高IC6A合金的高温抗氧化性能,而对合金的抗腐蚀性能和瞬时拉伸性能无明显影响。     

Nanostructured component fabrication by electron beam-physical vapor deposition

Fabrication of cost-effective, nano-grained net-shaped components has brought considerable interest to Department of Defense, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Department of Energy. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the versatility of electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technology in engineering new nanostructured materials with controlled microstructure and microchemistry in the form of coatings and net-shaped components for many applications including the space, turbine, optical, biomedical, and auto industries. Coatings are often applied on components to extent their performance and life under severe environmental conditions including thermal, corrosion, wear, and oxidation. Performance and properties of the coatings depend upon their composition, microstructure, and deposition condition. Simultaneous co-evaporation of multiple ingots of different compositions in the high energy EB-PVD chamber has brought considerable interest in the architecture of functional graded coatings, nano-laminated coatings, and design of new structural materials that could not be produced economically by conventional methods. In addition, high evaporation and condensate rates allowed fabricating precision net-shaped components with nanograined microstructure for various applications. Using EB-PVD, nano-grained rhenium (Re) coatings and net-shaped components with tailored microstructure and properties were fabricated in the form of tubes, plates, and Re-coated spherical graphite cores. This paper will also present the results of various metallic and ceramic coatings including chromium, titanium carbide (TiC), titanium diboride (TiB₂), hafnium nitride (HfN), titanium-boron-carbonitride (TiBCN), and partially yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) TBC coatings deposited by EB-PVD for various applications. This paper was presented at the International Symposium on Manufacturing, Properties, and Applications of Nanocrystalline Materials sponsored by the ASM International Nanotechnology Task Force and TMS Powder Materials Committee, October 18–20, 2004, Columbus, OH.     

Effect of temperature on mechanical behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Strain rate sensitivity and tension/compression asymmetry of AZ31 magnesium alloy at different temperatures and strainrates were investigated.Both of mechanical behaviors are temperature dependent.Strain rate sensitivity increases with increasingtemperature.Thermally activated slip is the source of strain rate sensitivity.At the temperature below or near 373 K,strain ratesensitivity is very little.Tension/compression asymmetry in yielding decreases with increasing temperature.Twinning is the reasonof tension/compression asymmetry.At the temperature above or near 573 K,the material shows little tension/compressionasymmetry of the flow stress.     

The distribution of grain boundary planes in polycrystals

During the last ten years, techniques have been developed to measure the distribution of grain boundaries in polycrystals as a function of both lattice misorientation and grain boundary plane orientation. This paper presents a brief overview of the techniques used for these measurements and the principle findings of studies implementing these techniques. The most significant findings are that grain boundary plane distributions are anisotropic, that they are scale invariant during normal grain growth, that the most common grain boundary planes are those with low surface energies, that the grain boundary populations are inversely correlated with the grain boundary energy, and that the coincident site lattice number is a poor predictor of the grain boundary energy and population.     

Bayesian decision-based pattern recognition on spectrum signal of metal transfer modes

A software system of pattern recognition on spectrum signal of metal transfer mode has been developed using Visual Basic under Windows environment. On the basis of the coincidence relation between the spectrum signal and metal transfer mode, according to the geometrical pattern feature of the spectrum signal, several key characteristic parameters are extracted. The correspondent recognition function and a minimum distance classifier have been constructed based on Bayesian decision theory. The results show that using this system, the metal transfer mode of MIG, MAG, CO2 welding can be recognized automatically which provides the basis for automatically controlling of the metal gas arc welding metal transfer.     

The atomic age challenge to steel

Some months ago the submarine Nautilus was in dock for refueling. It had traveled 60,000 miles, but the total uranium used would make a lump smaller than a light bulb. This is only one example that the Atomic Age is here with us, now! How and where does this incredible Atomic Age challenge the first and greatest of America’s basic industries?