EFFECT of POLYPHENOL OXIDASE and ITS INHIBITORS ON ANTHOCYANIN CHANGES IN PLUM JUICE

Total phenolics and chlorogenic acid in different plum cultivars ranged from 262 to 922 μ/g and 33 to 103, μg/g, respectively. Stanley plums had the highest polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and chlorogenic acid to total phenolics ratio as compared to all other cultivars. Degradation of anthocyanins in the juice made from Stanley plums was directly related to the level of PPO in the juice. Among PPO inhibitors, L-cysteine and sodium metabisulfite (at 0.5 and 1.0 mM) were effective in minimizing degradation of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins in the juice samples were heat stable and pasteurized juice showed acceptable microbial quality.     

GLUTEN QUALITY PREDICTION AND CORRELATION STUDIES IN SPRING WHEATS

ABSTRACT

Gluten, “cohesive, viscoelastic, proteinaceous material prepared as a by‐product of the starch isolation from wheat flour” and the storage and dough‐forming protein of wheat flour, is the key to the unique ability of wheat to suit the production of leavened products. Wet gluten was only affected by wheat varieties, while dry gluten was affected by wheat varieties, crop years and their interaction. The wet and dry gluten ranged 8.0–43.13% and 2.58–14.55%, respectively, and were positively correlated with Zeleny value, sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation value and falling number. The gluten content was higher in Pavon, SA 42 and Faisalabad 85, while Zeleny value was higher in GA 02 and C 518, resulting in better gluten quality. Zeleny value was negatively correlated with crude protein content (r = –0.1857*). The lowest amount of wet and dry gluten was detected in Triticale and durum wheats as compared to common wheats. Zeleny value and sedimentation value may be used as indicators of gluten content and quality while working on wheats. The information thus collected will be valuable for cereal chemists and wheat breeders for improvements in their future breeding programs.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

This research work will be a breakthrough and helpful for wheat breeders, growers, millers and bakers for their intended uses as every consumer demand specific wheat quality characteristics for their end products.

     

“突厥语大词典”电子词典的设计与实现

介绍了11世纪中国突厥语言学著作"突厥语大词典"的电子词典软件的设计与实现。突厥语大辞典的电子版是突厥语大辞典的维、土、汉、英版本的基础上研究了多语种(维吾尔语、土耳其语、汉语、英语)突厥语大辞典电子版的构建技术。实现了具有通过原词或原词在以上四种不同语言中的词义来快速查找的功能。详细介绍了本词典的总体结构、功能、数据库设计、查找算法、系统运行机制。最后提出了进一步增强、改进系统的一些设想。     

ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF DESI CHICKPEA VARIETIES COMMONLY CONSUMED IN PAKISTAN

Antioxidant potential of four Desi chickpeas ( Cicer arietinum L.) varieties indigenous to Pakistan, namely Balksar 2000, CM98, Dasht and Winhar 2000, was evaluated. All studied varieties exhibited appreciable total phenolic content (0.92–1.12 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), total flavonoid content (0.79–0.99 mg catechin equivalent [CAE]/g) and condensed tannin content (0.58–0.69 mg CAE/g). In addition, antioxidant activities were tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (1.05–1.24 µmol trolox/g), 2,2 ' -azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (37.24–45.32 µmol trolox/g), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (0.73–0.90 mmol Fe^{2 +} equivalents/100 g) and oxygen radical-absorbing capacity (8.58–11.4 µmol trolox/g). All varieties exhibited appreciable antioxidant potential and significant differences ( P <  0.05) were observed among the varieties in different systems of antioxidant activity evaluation. The results of the present analytical study showed Desi chickpea ( C. arietinum L.) indigenous to Pakistan to be a potentially valuable legume crop with high antioxidant potential.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The analytical findings of this study provide a regional database for this valuable legume crop, which has not been explored so far. The data obtained will be useful to both producers and consumers. Chickpeas may be used as functional ingredients for processing into health foods in the food industry.     

一种CSCW环境下群组自动机树同步模型

给出一种在协同环境下的基于群组自动机的动态树同步模型,模型对操作同步和状态同步都给出了能够具体到实际过程每一步的描述。在考察状态同步时,把它限制在引起更新冲突的系统最小局部进行,效率得到了保证;由于模型在描述系统时采用递归性质的算法,极适合于描述动态系统。     

Prediction of carrier to intermodulation performance

Closed-form expressions correlating the carrier to intermodulation performance, of two SCPC systems, with the simple two-carrier measurements are obtained. It is assumed that the high power amplifiers are exhibiting both amplitude non-linearity and AM/PM conversion characteristics. The high power amplifier is modelled by a quadrature model, which is mathematically represented by two sets of sine functions. Special eases are considered where curve fitting techniques, usually used to find the parameters of the sine function representations, can be totally avoided.     

基于二象限APF的单相功率因数校正器

为消除单相整流装置产生的谐波,提出了一种基于二象限有源滤波器(APF)的单相功率因数校正器,包括其主回路拓扑与控制策略。使用T型拓扑可滤除高次谐波,在主回路加装二极管可削减有源滤波器电流峰值,并在控制回路中使用双前馈以实现快速响应。对该拓扑和控制方案进行了Matlab仿真,并设计了基于dsPIC33F系列数字控制器的实验样机。仿真和实验结果均表明该技术可在降低成本的情况下,仍将功率因数提升至99%。     

On the optimal characteristics of a memoryless power amplifier system

The performance of the piecewise linear limiter with multi-carrier input signal with arbitrary carrier amplitudes is analysed by using a simple, accurate and general approach. The limiter characteristic is expanded as an infinite Fourier series and convergent series expressions are obtained for the output carriers and intermodu-lation products. The special case of an input consisting of two equal-amplitude carriers is considered in detail and the results are found to be very accurate. This result will help in deciding whether the piecewise linear limiter will produce optimal or suboptimal results under specific traffic and criterion of optimality.     

MWCNTs/SWCNTs Nanofluid Thin Film Flow over a Nonlinear Extending Disc: OHAM Solution

The aim of this research is the improvement towards the consumption of energy in the field of engineering and industry. The efforts have been paid to the enhancement of heat transmission and cooling process through a nanofluid coating of a nonlinear stretching disc. The combination of Water(H2 O) and multiple walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)/single walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT) have been used as a nanofluid. The spreading of a thin nano-layer with variable thickness over a nonlinear and radially stretching surface has been considered. The estimated results of the problem have been accomplished using the Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method(OHAM). The residual errors of the OHAM method have been shown physically and numerically. The important physical parameters of skin friction and Nusselt number have been calculated and discussed. The other embedding parameters like generalized magnetic parameter, Prantl number, nanofluid volume fraction and Eckert number have been intended and discussed. The obtained results have been compared with the Numerical(ND-Solve) method for both sorts of CNTs. The closed agreement of both methods has been achieved.     

CORRESPONDENCE: EXPERIENCE WITH ECONOMIC DISPATCHING FOR A RAPID DEVELOPING POWER SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a method to solve unit commitment and economic dispatching problems for rapid developing power system of moderate size. The method is simple and can be used by system engineers without requirement of sophisticated expensive commercial computer codes. In spite of that the main goal of these rapid growing systems is to satisfy their demand securely, yet using this method will reduce the production cost even with one type of generation. The heat rate models for the different units have been obtained using two sets of data, the designers and the on site test data indicating the importance of site test data.