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11.
Yu-ichi Yoshizawa Kiyoshi Hirao Shuzo Kanzaki 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2004,87(11):2147-2149
The mechanical properties of a textured alumina made by high-temperature deformation of normal-purity sintered alumina have been investigated. The textured alumina shows very high bending strength and extremely high fracture toughness. Fracture toughness of more than 10 MPa·m1/2 was measured by the single-edge precracked beam method, and even using the single-edge V-notched beam method, toughness of over 8 MPa·m1/2 was obtained. This high fracture toughness was attributed to a large number of aligned small platelike grains of the textured structure enhancing the grain bridging effect. 相似文献
12.
Ping Shen Hidetoshi Fujii Taihei Matsumoto Kiyoshi Nogi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2005,88(4):912-917
Wetting phenomena and the effect of alumina surface orientation on the wettability in Si/α-Al2 O3 system were studied by an improved sessile drop method using , , C(0001) faces of single crystals and polycrystals at 1723 K in a reducing Ar–3% H2 atmosphere. The contact angles show a vibration behavior for all the single crystals but to a less extent for the polycrystals. The extent of the vibration correlates not only with the reaction intensity but also with the stability of the Si droplet on the alumina surfaces. The interfacial reaction leads to the formation of a series of reaction rings, which is more serious at the single crystal surfaces. More importantly, the wettability is dependent on the alumina surface orientation, with the intrinsic contact angles being about 98±2°, 101±1°, 69±1°, and 98±2°, respectively, for the , , C(0001) and polycrystal α-Al2 O3 substrates. The much smaller contact angle for molten Si on the C(0001) surface is explained by the favorable reduction in the Si/α-Al2 O3 interfacial free energy by the terminated and enriched aluminum atoms at the reconstructed surface. The importance of the aluminum presence at the Si/α-Al2 O3 interface to the wettability of this system was further demonstrated by a substantial improvement in the wettability of the α-Al2 O3 substrates by Si–Al alloys. 相似文献
13.
Kiyoshi Kusabiraki Noriaki Kuroda Isao Motohira Takayuki Ooka 《Oxidation of Metals》1997,48(3-4):289-302
The oxidation behavior of pure titanium has been investigated in the temperature range of 1000 K to 1300 K in CO2 or Ar-10%CO2. Optical microscopy, electron probe microanalyses, and X-ray measurements on the oxide scales formed during oxidation indicate that their structures are nearly independent of temperature and the corrosion atmosphere. The scales consisted of two layers, an external one and an internal one, having a rutile (TiO2) structure. The parabolic rate law was confirmed for growth of the external scale and the permeation depth of oxygen in titanium with apparent activation energies of 266 and 226 kJ/mol, respectively. The rate-determining diffusion species in the oxidation processes are discussed. 相似文献
14.
为应用d-电子合金设计理论(或新相分计算法(New PHACOMP))设计发展新型抗热腐蚀单晶高温合金,首先对高Cr抗热腐蚀IN738LC系列合金Ni—16Cr—9.5Al—4.0Ti-8.0Co—0.55Nb—0.06Zr—0.05B—0.47C-Ta—W—Mo(at-%)的相稳定性进行了综合评价得出抑制σ相析出的稳定性临界条件为Mdt<0.991或Mdγ<0.93同时证明这两个临界电子参数具有等价性,可以用Mdt代替Mdγ简化合金设计过程.这一结果可适用于其它高Cr系列抗热腐蚀镍基合金的d-电子合金设计 相似文献
15.
Amorphous Al50Ta60 alloy powders have been synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) from elemental powders of aluminium and tantalum, and mechanical disordering (MD) from crystalline intermetallic compound powders of AlTa respectively using the rod milling technique. The mechanically alloyed and the mechanically disordered alloy powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, transmission electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and chemical analysis. The results have shown that the crystal-to amorphous transformation in the MD process occurs through one stage, while the crystallineto-amorphous formation in the MA process occurs through three stages. At the early and intermediate stages of the MA time, heating the alloy powders to 700 K leads to the formation of an amorphous phase by a solid-state amorphizing reaction. At the final stage of the MA time, the amorphous phase is crystallized through a single sharp exothermic peak. Contrary to this, amorphous alloy powders produced by MD are crystallized through two broad exothermic peaks. 相似文献
16.
Kiyohiko Hattori Eri Homma Toshinori Kagawa Masayuki Otani Naoki Tatebe Yasunori Owada Lin Shan Katsuhiro Temma Kiyoshi Hamaguchi 《Artificial Life and Robotics》2016,21(4):451-459
Recently, many extensive studies have been conducted on robot control via self-positioning estimation techniques. In the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) method, which is one approach to self-positioning estimation, robots generally use both autonomous position information from internal sensors and observed information on external landmarks. SLAM can yield higher accuracy positioning estimations depending on the number of landmarks; however, this technique involves a degree of uncertainty and has a high computational cost, because it utilizes image processing to detect and recognize landmarks. To overcome this problem, we propose a state-of-the-art method called a generalized measuring-worm (GMW) algorithm for map creation and position estimation, which uses multiple cooperating robots that serve as moving landmarks for each other. This approach allows problems of uncertainty and computational cost to be overcome, because a robot must find only a simple two-dimensional marker rather than feature-point landmarks. In the GMW method, the robots are given a two-dimensional marker of known shape and size and use a front-positioned camera to determine the marker distance and direction. The robots use this information to estimate each other’s positions and to calibrate their movement. To evaluate the proposed method experimentally, we fabricated two real robots and observed their behavior in an indoor environment. The experimental results revealed that the distance measurement and control error could be reduced to less than 3 %. 相似文献
17.
Hiroyuki Sato Hernán Aguirre Kiyoshi Tanaka 《Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence》2013,68(4):197-224
In this work, we analyze variable space diversity of Pareto optimal solutions (POS) and study the effectiveness of crossover and mutation operators in evolutionary many-objective optimization. First we examine the diversity of variables in the true POS on many-objective 0/1 knapsack problems with up to 20 items (bits), showing that variables in POS become noticeably diverse as we increase the number of objectives. We also verify the effectiveness of conventional two-point and uniform crossovers, Local Recombination that selects mating parents based on proximity in objective space, and two-point and uniform crossover operators which Controls the maximum number of Crossed Genes (CCG). We use NSGA-II, SPEA2, IBEA ??+? and MSOPS, which adopt different selection methods, and many-objective 0/1 knapsack problems with $n=\{100,250,500,750,\mbox{1,000}\}$ items (bits) and m?=?{2,4,6,8,10} objectives to verify the search performance of each crossover operator. Simulation results reveal that Local Recombination and CCG operators significantly improve search performance especially for NSGA-II and MSOPS, which have high diversity of genes in the population. Also, results show that CCG operators achieve higher search performance than Local Recombination for m?≥?4 objectives and that their effectiveness becomes larger as the number of objectives m increases. In addition, the contribution of CCG and mutation operators for the solutions search is analyzed and discussed. 相似文献
18.
Mayu Iwata Hiroki Miyamoto Takahiro Hara Daijiro Komaki Kentaro Shimatani Tomohiro Mashita Kiyoshi Kiyokawa Toshiaki Uemukai Gen Hattori Shojiro Nishio Haruo Takemura 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2013,17(5):1035-1050
People routinely carry mobile devices in their daily lives and obtain a variety of information from the Internet in many different situations. In searching for information (content) with a mobile device, a user’s activity (e.g., moving or stationary) and context (e.g., commuting in the morning or going downtown in the evening) often change, and such changes can affect the user’s degree of concentration on his or her mobile device’s display and information needs. Therefore, a search system should provide the user with an amount of information suitable for the current activity and a type of information suitable for the current context. In this study, we present the design and implementation of a content search system that considers a mobile user’s activity and context, with the goal of reducing the user’s operation load for content search. The proposed system switches between two kinds of content search systems according to the user’s activity: the location-based content search system is activated when the user is stationary (e.g., standing and sitting), while a menu-based content search system is activated when the user is moving (e.g., walking). Both systems present information according to user context. The location-based system presents detailed information via menus and a map according to location-based categories. The menu-based system presents only a few options to enable users to get content easily. Through user experiments, we confirmed that participants could get desired information more easily with this system than with a commercial search system. 相似文献
19.
Vasileios Belagiannis Xinchao Wang Horesh Beny Ben Shitrit Kiyoshi Hashimoto Ralf Stauder Yoshimitsu Aoki Michael Kranzfelder Armin Schneider Pascal Fua Slobodan Ilic Hubertus Feussner Nassir Navab 《Machine Vision and Applications》2016,27(7):1035-1046
Multiple human pose estimation is an important yet challenging problem. In an operating room (OR) environment, the 3D body poses of surgeons and medical staff can provide important clues for surgical workflow analysis. For that purpose, we propose an algorithm for localizing and recovering body poses of multiple human in an OR environment under a multi-camera setup. Our model builds on 3D Pictorial Structures and 2D body part localization across all camera views, using convolutional neural networks (ConvNets). To evaluate our algorithm, we introduce a dataset captured in a real OR environment. Our dataset is unique, challenging and publicly available with annotated ground truths. Our proposed algorithm yields to promising pose estimation results on this dataset. 相似文献
20.
There is huge diversity among navigation and path-planning problems in the real world because of the enormous number and great
variety of assumptions about the environments, constraints, and tasks imposed on a robot. To deal with this diversity, we
propose a new solution to the path-planning and navigation of a mobile robot. In our approach, we formulated the following
two problems at each time-step as discrete optimization problems: (1) estimation of a robot's location, and (2) action decision.
For the first problem, we minimize an objective function that includes a data term, a constraint term, and a prediction term.
This approach is an approximation of Markov localization. For the second problem, we define and minimize another objective
function that includes a goal term, a smoothness term, and a collision term. Simulation results show the effectiveness of
our approach.
This work was presented in part at the Fifth International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
26–28, 2000 相似文献