Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene glycol mediated silver nanoparticles by the green method

The roles of green chemistry in nanotechnology and nanoscience fields are very significant in the synthesis of diverse nanomaterials. Herein, we report a green chemistry method for synthesized colloidal silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in polymeric media. The colloidal Ag NPs were synthesized in an aqueous solution using silver nitrate, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and β-D-glucose as a silver precursor, stabilizer, and reducing agent, respectively. The properties of synthesized colloidal Ag NPs were studied at different reaction times. The ultraviolet-visible spectra were in excellent agreement with the obtained nanostructure studies performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and their size distributions. The Ag NPs were characterized by utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential measurements and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The use of green chemistry reagents, such as glucose, provides green and economic features to this work.     

Alternative Treatments for Weight Loss: Safety/Risks and Effectiveness of Anti-Obesity Medicinal Plants

Obesity is emerging globally as a leading, underlying contributor to a variety of different diseases, some of which are fatal. This study aims to provide a brief review of the botanical sources which are available to serve as an alternative to modern, synthetic anti-obesity drugs, and to provide a brief discussion of their mechanism of action, and their safe and effective usage. Information was gathered from books, journals, and a variety of electronic sources published in the period of 1991 to 2014. Medicinal plants can reduce weight through five basic mechanisms: controlling appetite, stimulating thermogenesis and lipid metabolism, inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity, preventing adipogenesis, and promoting lipolysis. Based on a review of the available literature, the consumption of recommended medicinal plants in a single form, and at an optimum dosage, could be a safe and effective complementary treatment for obesity.     

Structural Features of（Ce,La or Sr）（Mn or Co）O_3 NanoPerovskites as a Catalyst for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation

The collection of different cations in the A and B sites of ABO3 was explored for the regularity of perovskites phase formability.Here,Sr2？,La3？,and Ce4？are selected as the cations of site A.The site B is considered to be Mn or Co cations.XRD analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirm the formation of perovskite structure for catalysts in which La3？and Sr2？are considered as the cations of site A.Ceria is detected as the main crystalline phase when Ce4？is selected to be cation of site A.It is found that the octahedral factor（rB/rO） takes the same important role as the tolerance factor to form cubic perovskite.Average crystallite size of the products was calculated by data of the XRD and measured by the TEM analysis.Results of the XRD and TEM studies were supported by the study of the particles size distribution,which was carried out in a particle size analyzer.The perovskite samples were also used for stoichiometric oxidation of carbon monoxide with air.     

Co‐delivery of methotrexate and doxorubicin via nanocarriers of star‐like poly(DMAEMA‐block‐HEMA‐block‐AAc) terpolymers

Combined therapy is a promising strategy for clinical cancer treatment with synergistic effects. The purpose of the work reported was to evaluate a smart nanocarrier for co‐delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and methotrexate (MTX). Since star‐like nanocarriers can load a high dose of drugs with various properties, we developed star polymer nanomicelles based on poly[(2,2‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐block‐(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐block‐(acrylic acid)] having potential for multi‐drug delivery. The nanomicelles demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency, i.e. 97.1% for DOX and 79.5% for MTX. To this end, the star‐like terpolymers were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization with pentaerythritol as an initiator. The micellar properties and dual stimuli‐responsive behaviour of the terpolymers were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements, concluding that this co‐therapy offers a promising approach for cancer treatment. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

Green Synthesis of Chitosan-Coated Silver Nanoparticle,Characterization, Antimicrobial Activities,and Cytotoxicity Analysis in Cancerous and Normal Cell Lines

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials - The production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using chemical synthesis routes require hazardous and toxic solvents. Nowadays, there...     

Hydrogen gas sensing properties of microwave-assisted 2D Hybrid Pd/rGO: Effect of temperature,humidity and UV illumination

A novel microwave assisted two-dimensional (2D) hybrid material based on nanostructured reduced graphene oxide (rGO) doped with Pd nanoparticles (Pd/rGO) has been synthesised to investigate its hydrogen sensing performance at different operational conditions. The sensing performance has been evaluated at various operating temperatures (room temperature up to 120 °C), hydrogen concentrations (up to 1%), and relative humidity (up to ~44%). The material characterization of the hybrid Pd/rGO analysed by different techniques which confirms homogeneous distribution of Pd NPs (<35 nm) on the multi-layered porous structure of the rGO nanosheets (NSs) and forming the hybrid Pd/rGO NSs. Moreover, the fundamental hydrogen sensing mechanism as well as recovery enhancement by ultraviolet (UV) light are investigated. This work offers an environmentally friendly and energy-saving synthesis approach for hydrogen sensing with excellent control over experimental parameters which can lead to fabrication of a highly selective and sensitive hydrogen sensor.     

Antimicrobial Ionic Liquid-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications

Excessive and unwarranted administration of antibiotics has invigorated the evolution of multidrug-resistant microbes. There is, therefore, an urgent need for advanced active compounds. Ionic liquids with short-lived ion-pair structures are highly tunable and have diverse applications. Apart from their unique physicochemical features, the newly discovered biological activities of ionic liquids have fascinated biochemists, microbiologists, and medical scientists. In particular, their antimicrobial properties have opened new vistas in overcoming the current challenges associated with combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Discussions regarding ionic liquid derivatives in monomeric and polymeric forms with antimicrobial activities are presented here. The antimicrobial mechanism of ionic liquids and parameters that affect their antimicrobial activities, such as chain length, cation/anion type, cation density, and polymerization, are considered. The potential applications of ionic liquids in the biomedical arena, including regenerative medicine, biosensing, and drug/biomolecule delivery, are presented to stimulate the scientific community to further improve the antimicrobial efficacy of ionic liquids.     

Assessment of beverages made from milk,soya milk and whey using Iranian kefir starter culture

Kefir starter culture was used for the production of beverages, and some chemical and microbiological parameter changes were determined during 24 h of fermentation and then after 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage at 4 °C. Three different substrates (milk, whey and soya milk) were used as fermentation media for the kefir starter culture. After the fermentation, the carbohydrate content and pH decreased, but the dry matter and fat content of the beverages were not significantly different from their substrates. During storage, lactic acid bacteria in the beverages decreased, while yeasts increased and carbohydrate, ethanol and pH changed significantly in the three beverages.     

Limited contiguous processor allocation mechanism in the mesh-connected multiprocessors using compaction

In this paper, several efficient migration and allocation strategies have been compared on the mesh-based multiprocessor systems. The traditional non-preemptive submesh allocation strategies consist of two row boundary (TRB) and two column boundary (TCB). The existing migration mechanisms are online dynamic compaction-four corner (ODC-FC), limited top-down compaction (LTDC), TCB, and the combination of TCB and ODC-FC algorithms. Indeed, the new allocation method is presented in this paper. This mechanism has the benefits of two efficient traditional allocation algorithms. It is the combination of the TCB and TRB allocation methods. Also, in this process the impact of four key metrics on online mapping is considered. The parameters are average task execution time (ATET), average task system utilization (ATSU), average task waiting time (ATWT), and average task response time (ATRT). Using TCB and TRB mechanism with the migration strategies is shown that the new algorithm has better ATET, ATRT, ATWT, and ATSU. It has, respectively, 23.5494, 97.1216, 39.1291, and 4.142% improvements in comparison with the previous mechanisms.