关于高速公路隧道病害处治技术的探讨

本文对高速公路隧道存在的主要病害类型进行了介绍，并提出了若干病害的治理技术，以期对公路施工能起到一定的指导作用。     

YG20/45#钢激光焊焊缝组织与界面元素扩散研究

在无填充、不开坡口条件下,以5 k W光纤激光作为热源,研究激光扫描速度对YG20硬质合金与45#钢的焊缝组织与元素扩散的影响规律。分析了YG20/45#钢焊缝成形、组织及元素扩散。讨论了激光扫描速度对于热胀系数差异较大的异质材料焊接的焊缝成形的影响规律。研究结果表明,当被焊材料厚度为2 mm时,采用激光功率P=1.93 k W、激光扫描速度v=2.40 m/min,离焦量-8 mm时,可以获得冶金结合良好的YG20/45#钢焊接接头;随着焊接热输入的增加,硬质合金/焊缝侧界面的碳化钨晶粒粗化,裂纹倾向增加。主要分布在焊缝和硬质合金侧热影响区,降低焊接接头的性能。线扫描分析结果表明,硬质合金中的W、Co与钢中Fe发生了互相扩散,使整个接头达到了很好的冶金结合。     

电火花沉积内植体微槽表面抗菌改性

为了实现在复杂内植体表面抗菌改性,采用银作为抗菌物质,通过电火花沉积技术将银添加在内植体表面.使用电火花沉积电源,将工件链接负级,工具电极链接正极,将工具电极的材料转移到工件上.使用X射线衍射观测加工后样品的表面物相组成;采用激光共聚焦与扫描电镜观测加工后的表面形貌;通过抗菌试验测定加工后样品的抗菌性能.结果表明,采用电火花沉积加工的方法能够在复杂的结构表面构含银的微结构.加工后样品对液体具有良好的接触性能.样品表面银的尺寸越小,抗菌性能越良好,抗菌率最高达到100％.抗菌的机理为银的微结构水解成银离子作为抗菌剂.该方法具有操作简单、良好的表面适应性和制备样品稳定等优点.     

Preparation of a novel chelating resin bearing amidinothiourea moieties and its removal properties for Hg(II) ions in aqueous solution

A novel chelating resin bearing amidinothiourea (ADTU) moieties was prepared by chloroethyl crosslinked polystyrene (CMPS) with ADTU in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterized the resulting chelating resin. The saturated adsorption capacity of Hg(II) ions estimated from the Langmuir model was up to 1215 mg g^?1at 313 K. Furthermore, the resin was able to selectively separate Hg(II) from multicomponent solutions with Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Mg(II) and Pb(II). The desorption process showed the mercury recovery reached to 99.2% under eluting condition of 1 M HCl + 8% thiourea.     

Microstructures and properties of rapidly solidified Cu90Zr10-xAlx alloys

Cu_(90)Zr_(10-x)Al_x(x=1, 3, 5, 7, 9; at.%) alloy rods were synthesized based on rapid solidification method. The structure, distribution of elements, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the Cu-based alloy samples were studied using X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), electro-probe micro-analyzer(EPMA), uniaxial compression test and four-probe technique. The as-cast Cu_(90)Zr_(10-x)Al_x(x=1, 3, 5; at.%) alloy rods with a diameter of 2 mm exhibit good mechanical properties and electrical conductivity, i.e., high compressive yield strength of 812-1513 MPa, Young's modulus of 52-85 GPa, Vickers hardness of 250-420 and electrical conductivity of 11.1%-12.6% IACS(International Annealed Copper Standard). The composite microstructure composed of high density fibrous duplex structure(Cu_5Zr and α-Cu phases) is thought to be the origin of the high strength.     

微乳法制备Pd-Cu双金属催化剂

选择Cu为助剂,采用微乳法分别优选具有较好稳定性的Cu和Pd微乳液体系,并将Cu和Pd依次负载于Al_2O_3载体上,经干燥、活化和还原制备了Pd-Cu/Al_2O_3催化剂。采用原位IR、CO化学吸附和HRTEM等对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,与常规溶液负载法制备的Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3催化剂相比,采用微乳法降低了催化剂表面酸性,提高了活性组分Pd分散度,Pd粒径分布更为均匀。在750 mL加氢反应器中,采用C_2后加氢原料对催化剂性能进行评价,结果表明,与常规溶液负载法相比,微乳法制备的催化剂在反应温度低4℃条件下,乙炔转化率相当,选择性高9.9个百分点,绿油生成量较低。微乳法制备Pd-Cu双金属催化剂具有良好的工业应用前景。     

The effects on mechanical properties and crystallization of poly (l‐lactic acid) reinforced by cellulosic fibers with different scales

Bacterial cellulose (BC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and bamboo cellulosic fibers (BCFs) were used to reinforce poly(l ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) based bio‐composites. The mechanical properties and crystallization of the composites were studied through mechanical testing, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and polarizing microscope. The incorporation of all three kinds of cellulose increased the stiffness of the composites compared to pure PLLA. The reinforcing effect of the MCC in the composites is most significant. The Young's modulus and impact toughness of the MCC/PLLA composites were increased by 44.4% and 58.8%, respectively. The tensile strength of the MCC/PLLA composites was increased to 71 MPa from 61 MPa of PLLA. However, the tensile strength of the composites reinforced with BCF or BC was lower than PLLA. The three kinds of cellulosic fibers improved the crystallization of PLLA. The BC with smallest size provided the composites with smallest grain and highest crystallinity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41077.     

Dielectric,ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties in potassium sodium niobate ceramics with rhombohedral–orthorhombic and orthorhombic–tetragonal phase boundaries

A new phase boundary with rhombohedral–orthorhombic and orthorhombic–tetragonal phase boundaries is designed in (K_0.48Na_0.52)NbO₃ by adding Bi_0.5(Na_0.7K_0.2Li_0.1)_0.5ZrO₃ (BNKLZ), where Zr⁴⁺ and (BNKL)²⁺ are respectively used to improve the temperature of a rhombohedral phase and to decrease the temperature of an orthorhombic–tetragonal phase coexistence. These ceramics endure several continuous phase transitions with increasing BNKLZ content, i.e., an orthorhombic phase (0≤x<0.03), orthorhombic–tetragonal phases (x=0.03), orthorhombic–tetragonal and rhombohedral–orthorhombic (O–T and R–O) phase existence (0.03<x≤0.05), a rhombohedral phase (0.05<x≤0.07). The ceramics with O–T and R–O have a better piezoelectric behavior as compared with other phases because of more polarization states, enhanced ε_r and P_r, and a dense microstructure. Moreover, piezoelectric properties could be further optimized by modifying their sintering and poling temperatures. As a result, the construction of O–T and R–O phase coexistence benefits the improvement of piezoelectric properties in KNN-based ceramics.     

壁后空洞对衬砌结构力学性能影响的试验研究

壁后空洞是一种常见的隧道病害形式,对衬砌结构的力学性能有重要影响.以福建省道206线龙门隧道的病害检测与改造工程为背景,设计制作了 1/10缩尺模型,完成了 10组不同工况下的卧式加载试验,重点关注不同空洞赋存条件下隧道衬砌结构的力学性能.壁后空洞的存在,使得空洞附近的衬砌变形由内侧收敛变为外侧扩张,且随着空洞范围的扩...