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91.
Encoding briefly displayed arrays of multidimensional objects appears to require selective attention, but this hypothesis is challenged by M. J. Nissen's (1985) finding that properties of an object are reported independently. Selective attention to some objects but not others should produce positive dependence. Theoretical analysis shows that deviations from independence would have been difficult to observe in Nissen's data because of high guessing rates and small sample sizes. Four new experiments showing strong positive dependence in property reports are described. Deviations from independence were highly significant for most Ss. Quantitative modeling shows that selective attention to subsets of objects would produce about the amount of dependence obtained. Rather than challenging attention theories, the amount of dependence in encoding multidimensional objects is consistent with selective attention to either objects or locations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
92.
Comments on D. R. Fox's (see record 1993-27200-001) call for reexamination of legal efforts made on behalf of organized psychology to accomplish social change. The author disagrees with the claim made by Fox that organized psychology's advocacy efforts are misdirected because they promote values consistent with those found in the law. It is argued here that the law remains the primary and most powerful mechanism through which social change is accomplished. Further, until it can be empirically shown otherwise, law is a proper venue for efforts directed by organized psychology toward social change. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
93.
94.
While concerns about the psychological effects of war are not new, only recently has systematic attention been paid to such problems among past and present military personnel. There is increasing recognition that mental health has serious implications for operational performance, retention, and compensation. Although little controlled research exists with this population, preliminary evidence suggests that psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder may be beneficial, albeit less so than for civilian populations. This article reviews evidence for each of several psychological treatment stages: stabilization and engagement, psychoeducation, symptom management, prolonged exposure, cognitive restructuring, and relapse prevention, with particular reference to the clinical issues raised by military personnel. Possible explanations for reduced treatment effects in this population compared with civilians are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
95.
Brent M. Phares Glenn A. Washer Dennis D. Rolander Benjamin A. Graybeal Mark Moore 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,9(4):403-413
Routine inspection is the most common form of highway bridge inspection to satisfy the requirements of the National Bridge Inspection Standards. The accuracy and reliability of documentation generated during these inspections are critical to the allocation of Department of Transportation construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation resources. Routine inspections are typically completed using only the visual inspection technique and rely heavily on subjective assessments made by bridge inspectors. In light of this, and given the fact that visual inspection may have other limitations that influence its reliability, the Federal Highway Administration initiated an investigation to examine the reliability of visual inspection as it is currently applied to bridges in the United States. This paper will summarize results from this study related to the accuracy and reliability of routine inspection documentation. A number of important conclusions were developed from the experimental study. Generally, it was found that all structural condition documentation is collected with significant variability. Specifically, 95% of primary element condition ratings for individual bridge components will vary within two rating points of the average and only 68% will vary within one point. Documentation generally collected to support condition ratings also has significant variability as exemplified by the number and types of field notes and photographs taken by inspectors. With respect to the use of element-level inspections, it was found that element usage was generally consistent with the Commonly Recognized Element Guide. However, there is significant variability in the condition state assignments of those elements and in some cases the condition states are not applied correctly to particular elements. 相似文献
96.
In this paper we consider two results motivated by Livsic's well-known theorem that, for a hyperbolic system, a Hölder continuous function is determined, up to a coboundary, by its values around closed orbits. The first result relates to negative values around orbits and the second result to values for finitely many orbits. We also present some new results on maximizing measures and the boundary of the unit ball in the stable norm for a surface. 相似文献
97.
Early federal injury control programs in the 1960s and 1970s were centered first in the Division of Accident Prevention (Public Health Service) and subsequently in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (Department of Transportation) and the Consumer Product Safety Commission. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the early 1970s also began to investigate injuries, particularly in the home and recreational environment. The field expanded in the 1970s and 1980s to include injuries that occur in many settings and both intentional injuries (violence) and unintentional injuries. After a 1985 report, Injury in America, CDC was chosen to be the national coordinating agency because of its mission of prevention. The current program also includes acute care, rehabilitation, and biomechanics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
98.
99.
Tested several predictions derived from the reformulated learned helplessness (RLH) depression model developed by L. Y. Abramson et al (see record 1979-00305-001) and from recent critiques of that model, in a longitudinal study of spouses caring for a husband or wife with Alzheimer's disease. During initial interviews, 68 caregivers (aged 37–85 yrs) rated the uncontrollability of important upsetting events related to their spouse's disease and were scored on an index of internal–external causal attribution (CATN) for those events. In addition, at both the initial and follow-up interviews (n?=?38) about 10 mo later, caregivers were rated for depression, anxiety, and hostility. Results indicate that the indices of loss of control and CATN were more consistently related to depression than to anxiety or hostility, although hostility was related to CATNs. Correlations of the loss of control and CATN variables with depression remained significant after controlling for a measure of the spouse's objective disability. In hierarchical regression analyses, perceived loss of control and its interaction with CATN significantly predicted follow-up depression after controlling for initial depression. The interaction showed that loss of control combined with an internal attribution predicted higher depression than did either one alone. The importance of including specific uncontrollable events when studying the RLH model is emphasized. (36 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
100.
Revisiting neighbourhood change from a Canadian perspective: Some supporting evidence from Vancouver
This paper argues that the several models of neighbourhood change developed in the United States are generally not applicable to Canadian cities due to differences in urban form, socioeconomic characteristics, and a host of institutional factors. A simple model is presented which extends the arbitrage model of neighbourhood dynamics. Several hypotheses are advanced and then tested on a data base covering three Vancouver, B.C. neighbourhoods from 1955 to 1981 by estimating several hedonic price equations. The hypotheses receive partial support. Implications for policymakers are then discussed.We wish to thank Jim Fitzsimmons and Judy Fountain for their computer assistance and the British Columbia Assessment Authority for providing us with data. Helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper were provided by Lawrence Jones and Douglas Diamond. We also like to acknowledge the financial support of the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, the Real Estate Council of British Columbia, the University of British Columbia and the British Columbia Youth Employment Program. 相似文献